1024 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



spot on anterior or posterior part of spinous dorsal. Length 1 foot. 

 Fresh waters of the eastern United States, chiefly northward and east- 

 ward ; abundant in the Great Lakes and in coastwise streams from Nova 

 Scotia to North Carolina, common in the tributaries of the upper Missis- 

 sippi, especially in Iowa and Minnesota, west to the Dakotas ; unknown 

 from central Ohio southwest j abundant in the lakes of northern Indiana ; 

 not known from the Ohio Kiver or the lower Missouri. A familiar, hand- 

 some, and active fish of fair quality as food, the flesh not rich in flavor. 

 (flavescens, yellowish.) 

 Perca americana, SCHRANCK, Abh. Privalges. Oberdeutschland, i, 1792, America, (not Perca 



americana, GMELIN, 1788); JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 524, 1883. 

 Morone flavescens, MITCHILL, Kept. Fish. N. Y., 18, 1814, near New York City. 

 Centropomus luteus, KAFINESQUE, Precis des Decouvertes Somiologiques, 19, 1814, Pennsylvania, 



probably. 

 Perca notala, RAFINESQUE, Amer. Monthly Mag., Jan., 1818, 205, Lake Erie. (Coll. Gov. DeWitt 



Clinton.) 



Perca serratogranulata, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 47, 1828, New York. 

 Perca granulata, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 48, pi. ix, 1828, New York. 

 Perca acuta, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 49, pi. x, 1828, Lake Ontario. 

 Perca gracilis, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 50, 1828, Skaneateles Lake, 



New York. 



Bodianm flavescens, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Philos. Soc. N. Y., 1815, 421. 

 Perca flavescens, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 46, 1828; GUNTHER, Cat., i, 59, 



1859, BOULENGER, Cat., i, 48, and of authors generally. 

 Perca fluviatilis flavescens, STEINDACHNER, Sitzgber, Ak. Wien, LXXVIII, 1878, 24. 



465. PERCINA, Haldeman. 

 (LOG PERCHES.) 



Percina, HALDEMAN, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vin, 1842, 330, (nebulosa). 

 Pileoma, DE KAY, New York Fauna: Fishes, 16, 1842, (semifascialum). 

 Asproperca, HECKEL, Canestrini, Systema der Percoiden, 311, 1860, (zebra). 



Body elongate, slightly compressed, covered with small, ctenoid scales ; 

 Lateral line continuous ; ventral line with enlarged plates, which fall off, 

 leaving a naked strip. Head depressed, rather pointed, the mouth being 

 small and inferior, overlapped by a tapering, subtruncate, pig-like snout; 

 upper jaw not protractile. Maxillary small, exposed. Teeth on vomer 

 and palatines. Gill membranes scarcely connected. Dorsal fins well 

 separated, the first the larger, of 13 to 15 spines ; the second dorsal rather 

 longer than the anal, which has two spines, the first of which is usually 

 the shorter. Pectorals symmetrical, rounded, or bluntly pointed, their 

 rays 14 or 15, their spines moderate; ventral fins well separated, the 

 interspace about equal to their base. Air bladder and pseudobranchise 

 present, rudimentary.* Vertebrae (P. caprodes) 23 + 21 = 44. General 



* So far as the cranium is concerned, Perca is probably nearer Percina than either is to Stizoste- 

 dion. Comparing the skull of Percina with that of Perca, we find that in the former the bones 

 of the skull above are much smoother; the ridges and grooves of the frontal, parietal, and mastoid 

 regions conspicuous in Perca, are nearly obsolete in Percina. The tube-like pores on the frontal 

 bones, conspicuous in Perca, are barely visible in Percina. Parietals and supraoccirital with 

 radiating striae, more regular than in Perca, the ridges lower and lesa sharp. Frontal region 

 narrower than in Perca, and less depressed. Supraoccipital bone larger than in Perca, its crest 

 very much smaller, not rising to level of occiput. Sutures of skull more distinct than in Perca. 

 Skull in profile less convex at occiput, more elevated between eyes. 



Post-temporal in Percina trifurcate, the forks slender, the posterior part without rerration ; its 

 form similar to that of Perca. Scapula L-shaped, thinner and weaker than in Perca; its edge 



