for dan and Ever mann. Fishes of North America. 1041 



head moderate, snout deourved ; mouth nearly horizontal, lower jaw 

 slightly included ; premaxillaries not protractile ; maxillary reaching past 

 front of orbit ; gill membranes slightly connected; width of interorbital 

 space about 5 in head. Cheeks, opercles, and nape covered with fine 

 scales; breast naked ; scales very small, firm, and even, strongly ctenoid; 

 lateral line nearly straight, complete. Dorsal fins long, well separated, 

 low, longest spines less than half length of head; anal higher; pectorals 

 long, l-[ in head ; caudal truncate. Color in life olive, tinged with orange ; 

 a black lateral band of confluent black blotches ; chin and throat deep 

 orange ; deep orange on front of spinous dorsal, shading to yellow behind ; 

 orange on front of pectoral ; a round yellow spot above each interspace 

 in lateral band ; a row of small brown spots on each side of back nearer 

 base of dorsal fin than to lateral line, these ceasing under soft dorsal ; top 

 of head dark. Length 4 to 6 inches. Uppfcr Tennessee Basin, rather rare, 

 in swift waters; a beautiful species; known from the North Fork of 

 Holston , Clinch, Watauga, and French Broad rivers, (aurantiacus, orange 

 colored.) 



Coltogaster aurantiatus, COPE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 211, North Fork of Holston 



River, Saltville, Virginia, (Coll. Cope). 

 Eiheostomn aurantiacum, VAILLANT, Recherches, 67, 1873; JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vm, 



1888 (1890), 147; BOULENGEB, Cat., i, 67. 

 Hadropterus aurantiacus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 505, 1883; BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 



1885, 165. 



1431. HTPOHOMUS CYMATOT^ENIA (Gilbert & Meek). 



Head 4 to 4; depth 5 ; eye large, 4 in head, about equaling snout; 

 D. XII to XIV-12 to 14 ; A. II, 10. Scales 7-64 to 70-12, pores 60 to 63. 

 Body robust, comparatively little compressed, the ventral region very 

 prominent, rounded, the dorsal region scarcely elevated ; dorsal and ven- 

 tral outlines converging rapidly toward caudal peduncle, which is very 

 narrow and expands abruptly behind to form a broad basis for the caudal 

 fin. Head short, tapering rapidly forward, the snout not blunt, short and 

 slender. Mouth small, oblique, the lower jaw included ; maxillary nearly 

 reaching vertical from front of orbit, about 41 in head. Teeth in very 

 narrow cardiform bands, the outer series in both jaws rather conspicuously 

 enlarged. Cheeks, opercles, nape, and breast covered with large scales, 

 those on cheeks smaller than the others. Preopercular margin entire. 

 Gill membranes narrowly joined across isthmus, the union being in most 

 cases hardly perceptible, but in one specimen examined quite broad. 

 Spinous dorsal rather short and high, the first spine but little shorter than 

 the second ; anterior spines highest, the outline of the fin thence declined ; 

 highest spine equaling half the length of the head ; soft dorsal small, 

 quadrate, as long as high, its base but little more than half that of spinous 

 dorsal, its longest ray If in head ; first anal spine very strong and robust, 

 much stronger than any of dorsal spines, or than the second anal spine, 

 its length equaling distance from snout to center of pupil, equaling or 

 slightly exceeding that of second anal spine ; anal larger than second 

 dorsal, its base slightly longer, and the rays higher, the longest ray 

 F . N . A. 67 



