1046 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum. 



Warrior, westward to Missouri and through the Ozark region, where it is 

 abundant, as also throughout Central Indiana, in clear brooks. A plainly 

 colored and very variable species, the eastern form, subspecies putnami, 

 usually with larger scales,* (44 to 48), the typical copelandi having usually 

 53 to 56. C. putnami inhabits the Great Lake region from Lake Huron to 

 Lake Champlain. (Named for its discoverer, Herbert Edson Copeland, 

 an enthusiastic student of these fishes ; a most active and well-equipped 

 naturalist, whose early death at Indianapolis in 1876, deprived American 

 ichthyology of one of its ablest workers.) 



Boleosoma tessellatum, THOMPSON, Appendix Hist. Vermont, 5, 1853, Lake Champlain; not of 

 DEKAY. 



Bheocrypta copelandi, JORDAN, Bull, x, U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, 1877, 'White River, near Indian- 

 apolis, Indiana; (Type, No. 20143. Coll. Jordan); scales 56. 



Coltogaster putnami, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 498, 1883, Westport Brook, Essex County, 

 New York; Lake Champlain ; (name a substitute for Boleosoma tessellatum, THOMPSON); 

 specimens with scales 44 to 48. 



Boleosoma copelandi, BOTJLENGER, Cat., i, 91. 



Subgenus IMOSTOMA, Jordan. 

 1436. COTTOGASTER SHUMARDI (Girard). 



Head 3f to 4 ; depth 5 to 51 ; eye large, 3^ in head, as long as snout. 



D. IX to XI-13 to 15 ; A. II, 10 to 12 ; scales 6-48 to 60-11. Body stout, 

 heavy forward, compressed behind. Head broad and thick. Mouth 

 large and broad, the lower jaw wide, a little shorter than the upper; 

 maxillary reaching to the eye. Premaxillaries usually protractile, but 

 a narrow frenum sometimes present. Cheeks, opercles, and neck usually 

 scaly ; the cheeks rarely naked ; chest naked ; belly naked anteriorly, 

 scaly for a distance in front of the vent ; scales rather large. Dorsal fins 

 large, the first larger than the second, which is smaller than the anal, 

 though longer ; the 2 dorsal fins well separated ; anal fin large, very 

 deep, in some male specimens reaching to the caudal ; anal spines strong, 

 the first the larger ; pectoral nearly as long as head. Color dark, densely 

 but vaguely blotched with darker ; sides with 8 to 10 obscure blotches, 

 the anterior ones bar-like ; a large black spot on base of spinous dorsal 

 behind, and a small one in front ; second dorsal, caudal, and pectorals 

 barred ; a very strong black suborbital bar, and a faint dark line along 

 muzzle. Length 3 inches. Michigan to Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and 

 southward to Kentucky and Arkansas ; common in the lower Wabash 



* Concerning the relation of these forms, Mr. Woolman remarks: "Etheostoma copelandi and 



E. putnami are closely allied, and may be identical, the chief differences occurring in the num- 

 ber of spines in the dorsal and anal fins and in the size of the scales. E. copelandihus dorsal XI-10; 

 anal II-9 ; lateral line 56. E. putnami has dorsal X-ll; anal II-8; lateral line 44. In 13 speci- 

 mens from this locality the dorsal is X-ll, X-12, XI-11, XI-10, X-ll, XI-12, X-ll, X-12, X-12, 

 X-12, X-12, X-ll, X-12: anal II-9, II-8, 11-9,11-9, II-8, II-8, II-8, II-9, II-9; lateral line 

 51, 48, 51, 49, 52, 51, 50, 48, 51, 48, 50, 50, 54. In these specimens the lateral line does not go as 

 high as the average given for E. copelandi, nor as low as in E. putnami, while the number of fin 

 rays seems to indicate nothing. I was also unable to find any constant difference in the relative 

 proportion of head and depth." 



To this Dr. Gilbert adds : "Specimens of this species recently collected by Dr. J. A. Henshall 

 at Put-in-Bay (Lake Erie), Ohio, have scales varying from 47 to 52; others from New Harmony, 

 Indiana (collected by Prof. Evermann), vary from 46 to 51. In the Alabama specimens the 

 lateral line averages 53. I am thus unable to longer distinguish putnami (characterized by its 

 larger scales) from copelandi." 



