1048 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



Mouth narrow, horizontal, subinferior, its cleft nearly reaching eye: 

 premaxillaries little protractile, sometimes with a narrow frenum. 

 Lateral line extending to opposite middle of second dorsal ; scales rather 

 large; opercles, cheeks, and neck scaly; breast naked. Gill membranes 

 not very broadly joined; opercular spine sharp. Fins rather large; 

 caudal emarginate. Olivaceous, tessellated, and speckled above; sides 

 with about 8 W-shaped dark green blotches below the lateral line and 

 various duller ones above ; upper parts in the larger specimens sprinkled 

 with small orange spots, which are more conspicuous after death, when 

 the green has faded ; fins mottled ; spinous dorsal with a band of orange 

 red above, and 1 or 2 narrow dark ones below it ; a dark stripe forward 

 and another downward from eye. Length 2i inches. Tennessee and 

 Arkansas to Georgia and Louisiana ; rather common in the ponds and 

 streams of the pine woods ; a small variable species. (tmy^aZof , speck- 

 led, from cmyuT?, speck.) 



Boleosoma stigmseum, JORDAN, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1876, 311, small tributaries of the 

 Etowah and Oostenaula rivers, near Rome, Georgia. (Coll. Jordan & Gilbert.) 



Pcecilichlhys saxatilis* HAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 495, a rocky and sandy stream 

 flowing into the Chickasawha River at Enterprise, Mississippi. (Type, No. 

 27433. Coll. 0. P. Hay.) 



Etheostoma stigrnseum, GILBERT, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., ix, 1889 (1891), 160. 



* Concerning the form called saxatilis, Dr. Gilbert has the following: 



"Head 3% to 4; depth 6. D. XI to XIII-11 to 12; A. II, 9; scales 50 to 55, 5 longitudinal 

 series between lateral line and base of spinous dorsal. Numerousspecimens from various locali- 

 ties enable us to contribute the following points to our knowledge of this species: With much 

 the habit of E. olmstedi, but the snout slender and sharp, with gently decurved profile and the 

 mouth terminal, nearly horizontal; lower jaw included; maxillary extending scarcely beyond 

 vertical from front of eye. Preopercle entire; opercular spine developed. Gill membranes 

 evidently but rather narrowly united across isthmus. Pectorals reaching somewhat beyond 

 ventrals, about as long as head, not nearly reaching vent; ventrals not extending % distance 

 to front of anal, equaling distance from snout to preopercle; dorsal fins well separated, the 

 interval between them equaling % diameter of orbit; dorsal spines very slender and fragile, the 

 longest equaling longest soft ray and half length of head; anal spines slender, about equal in 

 length, the anterior the stronger, % length of head; soft anal rays equal half distance from 

 snout to base of pectorals; caudal shallowy lunate. Scales strongly ctenoid, uniformly covering 

 body except breast, those on the nape smaller; opercles and upper portion of cheeks closely 

 scaled; head otherwise naked; no enlarged black humeral scale. Lateral line reaching about to 

 end of soft dorsal, on 30 to 45 scales. Color in life: Olivaceous, with six dark cross bars on 

 back and with dark tessellations, which follow the same pattern as in E. olmstedi; those on upper 

 parts light brownish red, instead of dusky; the |V|-shaped marks along sides dusky, serving, in 

 the brighter specimens only, as the starting points for light-blue bands which more or less com- 

 pletely encircle belly and caudal peduncle; no other bright markings; a narrow dark streak 

 from eye to snout; an indistinct dark streak below and a black spot behind eye; dorsals and 

 caudal inconspicuously barred; a pair of minute jet-black spots at base of median caudal rays, 

 more conspicuous in the young; opercle dusky. This species has undoubtedly a very wide dis- 

 tribution. Originally described by Professor Hay from the Chickasawha River, it was during 

 the summer of 1884 found to be abundant in tributaties of the Clinch River near Clinton, Ten- 

 nessee, in the Black Warrior River at Morris, and at Tusraloosa, Alabama and in the Saline 

 and Washita rivers in Arkansas. Our specimens have been compared with the original types, 

 with which they agree in all respects. The frrnum joining the premaxillary to the forehead is 

 very narrow and easily ruptured, the upper jaw then appearing protractile. Occasionally the 

 fold is continuous, no frenum being present, the species varying in this respect like E. 

 simoterum." 



In a later paper Dr. Gilbert adds: "This species is widely distributed throughout the basins 

 of the Cumberland, Tennessee, Escambia, Alabama, and Pascagoula rivers, and will doubtless 

 be found in other Gulf rivers. It has also been taken in Arkansas. Comparison of saxatUe 

 with the type of stigmseum, and with additional material from the Coosa River has shown their 

 identity. Specimens are in the present collection from Cypress Creek and Big Nance." 



