Jordan and Evcrmann. Fishes of North America. 1135 



as snout, 4 in bead ; base of tongue without teetb ; bead scaled to 

 between tbe nostrils ; gill rakers 4 + 14 to 17, rather long, as long as gill 

 fringes. Dorsal and anal spines moderate, the longest dorsal spine 2 in 

 head ; the second anal spine 2 to 3, as long as third spine ; dorsal fins 

 considerably connected. Pectorals \\ to 1 in head. Color olivaceous, 

 varying to dark green ; sides silvery or olivaceous, usually with faint, 

 paler streaks. Length 8 to 14 inches. Atlantic Coast of the United 

 States, from Nova Scotia to South Carolina, ascending streams and fre- 

 quently landlocked in ponds, the pond specimens much darker in color ; 

 one of the most abundant and characteristic fishes of the brackish 

 waters and river mouths of our Atlantic Coast. A very excellent pan- 

 fish. Specimens from Woods Hole represent the variety called nigricans, 

 very dark green in color, scarcely paler below, the body deeper and the 

 spines lower and shorter than in the common White Perch (head 3& in 

 length; depth 2f; fourth dorsal spine 2- in head; second anal spine 3^; 

 A. Ill, 9) ; this form occurs landlocked in fresh-water ponds, (ameri- 

 canus, American.) 



Tlie Eiver Perch of New York, SCHOPF, Schrift. der Gesells., Nat. Freunde, vin, 159, 1788, New 



York. 



Perca americana, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, III, 1308, 1788, New York; after SCHOPF. 

 Perca immaculata, WALBAUM, Artedi Genera Piscium, 330, 1788, New York; after SCHOPF. 

 Morone rufa, MITCHILL, Rep. Fishes N. Y., 18, 1814, New York. 

 Morone pallida, MITCHILL, Rep. Fishes N. Y., 18, 1814, New York. 



Ceniropomus albus, RAFINESQUK, Pricis des Dcouvertes Somiolog., 1814, 19, Philadelphia. 

 Perca mucronata, RAFINESQUE, Am. Month. Mag. and Grit. Rev., u, 204, 1818, Delaware, 



Schuylkill, and Susquehanna rivers. 

 Labrax nigricans, DE KAY, Nat. Hist. N. Y.: Fishes, 12, pi. 50, fig. 160, 1842, Long Island; 



landlocked form. 



Bodianus rvfus, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 420, 1815. 

 Labrax mucronatm, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 86, pi. 121, 1828. 

 Labrax pallidus, DE KAY, Nat. Hist. N. Y.: Fishes, n, pi. I, fig. 2, 1842. 



Labrax rufus, DE KAY, Nat. Hist. N. Y.: Fishes, 9, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1842; GUNTHER, Cat., i, 66, 1859. 

 Labrax americanm, HOLBROOK, Ichth. S. C., Ed. 1, 21, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1856. 

 Morone americana, GILL, Ichth. Rep. Capt. Simpson Sur. Great Basin, Utah, 397, 1876; JORDAN 



& GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 380; JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 421, 1890; 



BOVLENGEB, Cat., i, 126. 



493. LIOPROPOMA,* Gill. 



Liopropoma, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 236, (aberrant). 



fPikea, STEINDACHNER, Sitzgber. Ak. Wien, LXXI, 1874, 375, (lunulata). 



fLabracopsis, STEINDACHNER & DODERLEIN, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, XLVII, 225, 1883, (japonicus). 



Body elongate, the caudal peduncle robust ; mouth moderate, the lower 

 jaw projecting; maxillaries scaly; teeth small, uniform; preopercle 

 entire; opercle with a spine; numerous pores on head. Scales large. 

 Lateral line with a strong upward curve, as in Anthias. Dorsal spines 

 moderate, 9 in number, the third highest, the fin deeply notched. Soft 

 dorsal and anal short; caudal short, lunate; pectorals long, falcate. 

 Vertebrae 10 + 14. One species known, from deep water. (Aaof, smooth ; 

 7rpo7r<y//a, preopercle.) 



*Dr. Boulenger unites to Liopropoma the extralimital genera PiJcea, Steindachner and Labar- 

 copsis, Steindachner & Doderlein. In these genera there are but 8 dorsal spines, and in Labar- 

 copsis the preopercle is serrate. Pikea is certainly very close to Liopropoma. 



