1158 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



1653. EPINEPHELUS MACULOSUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 

 (CABRILLA; RED HIND.) 



Head 2i ; depth 31 ; eye large, 41 in head, rather longer than snout. D. 

 XI, 16 ; A. Ill, 8 ; scales 19-100-x. Body rather slender, moderately com- 

 pressed, the back somewhat elevated, the greatest thickness of the body 

 2f in its greatest depth. Head rather long and pointed, its anterior pro- 

 file regularly and rather weakly arched. Mouth not very large, the max- 

 illary reaching to below posterior margin of eye, its length 21 in head ; 

 lower jaw rather weak, its tip little projecting ; teeth rather strong, in 

 moderate bands ; both jaws with two moderate, curved canines, those in 

 the upper jaw largest. Interorbital space very narrow, anteriorly con- 

 cave, its width 11 in head ; nostrils small, round, close together, the pos- 

 terior largest. Preopercle weakly serrate, with a salient angle, which is 

 armed with stronger teeth ; a shallow emargination above the angle. Gill 

 rakers slender, longer than gill fringes, 15 to 17 developed below. Scales 

 of moderate size, rather strongly ctenoid. Dorsal spines rather slender 

 but pungent, the second spine considerably higher than the tenth, the 

 third and fourth longest, 2 in head ; soft rays lower than the highest 

 spines ; caudal fin rounded, its length 2 in head ; anal rather high, pos- 

 teriorly rounded, its longest soft rays 2| in head ; second anal spine some- 

 what stronger than third and rather longer, 3 in head ; pectorals rather 

 narrow, reaching past tips of ventrals, If in head ; veutrals short, not 

 reaching vent. Color in life : Light yellowish olive above, whitish below ; 

 three broad, oblique, obscure bands of olive running upward and back 

 ward on sides; spots on body vivid scarlet red, those above a little dark 

 the edges of the scales being brown ; inside of mouth mostly pale, partly 

 scarlet; belly spotted ; dorsal olive yellow, somewhat clouded, a few red 

 spots on spinous dorsal ; soft dorsal broadly edged with black ; caudal 

 yellowish, the posterior half black, its edge white ; anal like soft dorsal; 

 pectorals light yellow, with rows of small scarlet spots; ventrals red, 

 blackish at tips; branchiostegal membrane spotted like body. The olive 

 bands on sides disappear in spirits, and the red spots above become brown, 

 those below gray. West Indies ; Carolina to Brazil. This is one of the 

 smaller species of the genus, rarely exceeding 18 inches in length ; very 

 abundant in the Havana market, West Indies ; occasionally north to 

 Charleston, the Florida Keys, and the Bermudas ; south to Brazil ; here 

 described from Havana specimens, (maculosus , spotted.) 



Cugupuguacu Brazil, the Hind, CATESBY, Nat. Hist. Carolina, etc., pi. 14, 1743, Bahamas; not 



of MAECQRAVE. 



Cabrilla, PAERA, Dif. Piezas, Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1787, Havana. 

 Lutjanus lunulatus, BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthyol., 329, 1801; after Cabrilla of PARRA; not 



Lutjanus lunulatus (Mungo Park). 

 Serranus apua,* CXJVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., n, 287, 1828; not Bodianus aj 



BLOCK; GUNTHER, Cat.,i, 140, 1859. 



* We reject the name apua formerly used by us for this species, the original Bodianus apua of 

 Bloch being in our opinion based on the red variety of Mycteroperca venenosa. The name guttatiis, 

 Linnaeus, is based chiefly on the Cugupuguacu of Marcgrave, with which Catesby had errone- 

 ously identified his " Hind," which is the present species. The oldest tenable name of this fish, 

 so far as we can see, is Epinephelus maculosus. 



