CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Commercial outlook 5 



Distribution 6 



Silvical characteristics 6 



Soil and moisture requirements 6' 



Temperature and light 8 



Reproduction 8 



Production of seed 8 



Seedling production 9 



Sprouting 9 



Root system 1 10 



Diseases and defects 1 10 



Forest types and associated trees 11 



Growth of individual trees 12 



Management ....... 14 



Protection.. 16 



Improvement cuttings 17 



Thinnings ____. 17 



Comparative yield of chinned and unthinned stands 18 



Clean cutting and culling. 19 



Uneven-aged stands 20 



Even-aged stands 23 



Cordwood 23 



Pole ties 26 



Poles . 30 



Saw timber 31 



Relation of board feet to cubic feet and cords 1 33 



Summary _ 34 



