62 FOEEST RESOURCES OF TEXAS. 



Slippery elm ( Ulmus pubescens Walter). 



The occurrence and habits of this elm in Texas are not sufficiently 

 determined. 



Range. Eastern North America from the lower St. Lawrence River 

 to Florida, and west to North Dakota and Texas (San Antonio River). 

 American elm ( Ulmus americana Linnaeus). 



In Texas the American elm is very common and of fair size along 

 streams on the prairie, and in the Lignitic Belt it grows very large on 

 porous sandy soils, even of the flat uplands, reaching a height of 80 to 

 90 feet and a diameter of 4 feet. The wood is heavy, hard, strong, 

 tough, rather coarse-grained, compact, and difficult to split; the heart- 

 wood is light brown ; the sapwood lighter. It is used for wheel stocks, 

 saddle trees, flooring, and cooperage, and is exported for boat and 

 ship building. In Texas the wood is used only locally. 



Range. Eastern North America from Newfoundland to Florida, 

 and west to the base of the Rocky Mountains and to the Concho River 

 in Texas. 

 Hackberry (Cellis occidentalis Linnaeus). 



In Texas, the hackberry is one of the commonest trees on the 

 streams of the prairie region. It occurs both in the interior of the 

 Lignitic Belt (northeast Texas) and on the uplands in the Cretaceous 

 region (Edwards Plateau and northward). 



At San Antonio and westward, the straight, short trunk ranges 

 from 6 to 24 inches in diameter; on the lower Rio Grande it reaches 

 greater proportions, being often 20 feet long and 2 to 3 feet in diam- 

 eter, the total height being 50 feet or more. The wood is heavy, 

 rather soft, not strong, coarse-grained, compact, clear light yellow; 

 the sapwood, lighter. It is largely used for fencing and occasionally, 

 since it takes a good polish, in the manufacture of cheap furniture. 



Owing to its hardiness, the hackberr} 7 has been much planted for 

 shade on streets and in parks. With favorable, preferably deep 

 alluvial or loamy soil and plenty of water, it makes a beautiful tree. 

 Otherwise it is dwarfed and unsightly and much disfigured by leaf galls. 



Range. Eastern North America from St. Lawrence River to Flor- 

 ida; west to New Mexico and the Pacific Northwest. 



Red mulberry (Morus rubra Linnaeus). 



The red mulberry is common in the heavy hardwood bottom forests 

 of east Texas and in similar situations on the lower Colorado and 

 Brazos rivers. The tree is only a small one, probably seldom exceed- 

 ing 1 foot in diameter, and forms an inconsiderable item in the sylva, so 

 far as yet determined. 



Range. Eastern United States from Massachusetts to Florida and 

 west to Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas (Colorado River). 



