Tin Trees of Tr.iv/.v 6:5 



yellowish green, lustrous above, paler and somewhat hairy 

 be lira tli. Flowers in long catkins. Fruit a closed woody bur 

 witli straight prickles ripening in the autumn and opening 

 with the first frosts. Nut compressed sharp pointed %'-!' with 

 sweet edible seed. 



Pennsylvania, Florida, Missouri and Texas. 



The wood hard, strong, close grained, light with little sap 

 wood. It is used for railroad ties and fence posts. 



3. QUERCUS (Tournefort) L. The Oaks. 



Large forest trees or shrubs with simple, alternate decid- 

 uous or evergreen leaves which are entire toothed or lobed. 

 The leaves are rather thick and woody and remain on the tree 

 cither throughout the winter or until nearly all other decidu- 

 ous leaves have fallen. The staminate flowers are borne in 

 long, slender, pendulous catkins, the pistillate solitary or in 

 clusters. The fruit is a nut borne in a shallow woody cup. 

 In the so-called white oaks, the fruit ripens the first year, 

 while in the black oaks, it does not mature until the second. 

 The oaks comprise more species than any other genus of trees 

 within our area, and are frequently difficult to identify with 

 certainty, as a number of the species readily hybridize. The 

 oak is one of our most valuable sources of timber, furnishing 

 a large part of the hard woods. It is also cultivated exten- 

 sively for shade and ornament. 



I. Mature leaves, entire, notched or lobed, rarely 

 bristle tipped; fruit maturing the first 



season White Oaks. 



A. Leaves deciduous. 



1. Leaves lobed, the lobes rounded, never 

 tippe-d with bristles. 



a. Leaves smooth beneath, 3-9 lobed.. 1 Q. alba. 



b. Leaves hairy beneath. 



(1) Leaves oblong-obovate, usually 5- 



lobed with stellate hairs above. . 2 Q. stellata. 



(2) Leaves deeply lobed, cup fringed 



by the awned scales 3 Q. macrocarpa. 



(3) Leaves deeply 5-9 lobed, nut 



often nearly enclosed in the cup 4 Q. lyrata. 



2. Leaves straight veined, variously 

 toothed or notched, but not deeply 



