96 Bulletin of tlie University of Texas 



about one inch thick, deeply fissured, the furrows interrupted, 

 the ridges broad and flat. 



Southern Arkansas to Mississippi, Texas, and Mexico. It 

 is the commonest elm tree of our area, and reaches its maxi- 

 mum size along the Guadalupe and Trinity rivers. 



The wood is reddish brown, heavy, hard, strong and brittle. 

 It is used for hubs, furniture, and fencing. The tree is fre- 

 qnetly planted for ornament and shade. 



2. Ulmus alata Michx. "Winged Elm. A forest tree 40- 

 50 high and with a trunk diameter of 2 or less. The branches 

 are short, stout, ascending? and form a rather open crown. 

 Bark thin, with shallow fissures, light reddish brown with flat 

 ridges. The young twigs develop corky wings which are per- 

 sistent. Leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, somewhat 

 scythe-shaped, rather sharp-pointed at the apex, l^'-S' long, 

 wedge-shaped or rounded at the base, doubly serrate, the teeth 

 curved inward, thick and firm almost smooth above, pubescent 

 below. The flowers are borne in the early spring before the 

 leaves unfold. The fruit is ripe at about the time the leaves 

 appear. 



Virginia, Indiana, Illinois and Kansas, south to Florida and 

 west to Texas. It thrives best in dry soil. In Texas it extends 

 to the valley of the Trinity River. 



The wood is heavy and hard, but not strong, close grained. 

 It is used for hubs, handles for implements and fuel. The tree 

 is extensively planted for shade and ornament throughout 

 its range. 



3. Ulmus Americana. White Elm. American Elm. A 

 large forest tree sometimes 100-120 feet high and 6- 

 11 in diameter. The branches are upright, gradually spread- 

 ing to form a wide spread rounded crown of great beauty. 

 Bark ashy gray, 1'-!%' thick, deeply fissured, with rather 

 broad ridges. Leaves oval to obovate-oblong, 2'-5' long, dark 

 green, and somewhat rough above, paler and smooth or pubes- 

 cent below, abruptly pointed at the apex, unequal at base, 

 sharply doubly serrate. The flowers are clustered, borne on 

 slender stalks, opening in early spring before the leaves. The 

 fruit ripens with the unfolding of the leaves. 



Quebec to Florida, west to Nebraska and Texas. The trees 



