8 TEXAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Caddoes 500 



Lipans 900 



Small bands 800 



(And to which the various civilized tribes were added, 



making in all) 14,200 



Negroes 5,000 



Total 52,670 



These estimates were ascertained by Henry W. Morfit, a gentleman 

 said to be noted for his intelligence,, keen observation and shrewd un- 

 derstanding. He was sent to this country by Andrew Jackson, at that 

 time President of the United States, in order to make a report on the 

 condition of the new Republic, its institutions and general prospects. 



In 1850 the first official census gave Texas 212,592 people. During 

 the next ten years the increase in population was marvelous, the census 

 of 1860 showing an increase on the previous ten years of 184.2 per cent 

 or a population of 604,251. 



By reference to the census of the State, as given in the Texas Al- 

 manac of 1858, it will be found that the preponderance of population 

 and wealth existed in the above named counties, although a large area 

 in the southern portion of East Texas was a dense forest. 



THE PEOPLE. 



The people who settled East Texas immigrated here from the South- 

 ern States east of the Mississippi river. They were noted principally 

 for their exalted ideas of morality and hospitality. Frequentlv there 

 would be settlements all of a kind. Generally those neighborhoods were 

 established on a, sound basis, as the company was selected and agreed 

 upon before leaving the old State, and they covenanted together before 

 leaving to the effect that they would aspire to live right, and to estab- 

 lish a broad and liberal civilization, build churches after the manner of 

 those they left, and to erect schoolhouses and to support them in a way 

 to furnish their children the means of an education. 



We read in the Texas Almanac of 1858 of a large and flourishing 

 "institute" at C^larksville, the county seat of Red River county, "J. W. 

 P. McKenzie as the principal, with seven assistants, and 21'0 students. 

 The school consisted of four large frame buildings, and "most of tl 

 higher branches" were taught. At the same time and place there wei 

 a female institute, and a "commercial law school." At Gilmer, th< 

 county seat of Upshur county, there were two schools, one for males an< 

 one for females, and "all the branches are taught necessary for a good 

 English education." At this school Judge 0. M. Roberts taught a law 

 class in 1868-69-70. At Quitman, the county seat of Wood county, we 

 read : "A fine male and female institute has as many scholars as the 

 teachers can attend to." Tn nearly every town and communitv schools 

 and churches were liberally sustained, and much enterprise, refinement 

 and culture existed among the citizens. At Henderson, Rusk, Mar- 

 shall and other places there were academies presided over by teachers 

 of ability, in nearly every instance college graduates. It was often the 



