8 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. 



(3) A record in tabulated form of the kind and amount of stock 

 per section at present grazed on the land, with an estimate of its 

 present grazing capacity, and if overgrazed or poorly stocked with 

 forage plants the capacity to which it may be brought by proper 

 treatment. 



2. Range improvements: Map record of present and needed water- 



ing facilities, including wells, streams, springs, natural 

 mSSf 6 improve - and artificial ponds and tanks, drift fences, and other 



improvements necessary for the best use of the range. 

 To be incorporated in the permanent improvement plan. 



3. Herbarium: A collection in duplicate of the principal for- 



age plants on the Forest, including grasses, weeds, 

 and brush, to be kept in the supervisor's office for 

 reference. 



4. The plan of management should include, with necessary maps, 



notes, and explanatory data, provision for: 



m?it. n f manage " (1) The control and eradication of poisonous 

 plants. 



(2) Improvement of overgrazed or poorly stocked areas, including 

 reseeding, the use of a rotation scheme of excluding stock from areas 

 for a part of the year to allow seeding of native plants, etc. 



(3) Fuller use of the range by the class of stock for which it is best 

 suited, including areas not now used. 



(4) Exclusion or reduction of stock or the change of grazing seasons 

 when necessary for silyical reasons or the protection of watersheds 

 for irrigation or municipal water supply. Reduction to prevent 

 overgrazing, or erosion caused by grazing. 



(5) The better handling of stock, including salting, bedding, the 

 prevention of concentration to the injury of the range, improved 

 herding methods, etc. 



(6) Improvement in range districts, range allotments, etc. 



(7) The extermination of predatory animals, based upon the kind 

 and amount of damage done. 



(8) The extermination of prairie dogs, based upon the area occu- 

 pied and the damage done. 



A systematic plan for the permanent improvements on the Forest 

 should be steadily developed, extended, and improved. 

 It wm< include all classes of permanent improvements 

 necessary for the protection, development, and ad- 

 ministration of the Forest, the need of which can be clearly foreseen. 

 The improvement plan will take the form of a map, and such addi- 

 tional notes as may be necessary for its proper under- 

 nap ; standing. Rough estimates of cost should be included 

 wherever obtainable. Before survey, roads, trails, etc., will be located 

 approximately on the map. Corrections and additions to the 

 improvement plan will be made whenever the need is apparent. The 

 following kinds of work will be considered: Roads, trails, bridges, 

 telephone lines, signal systems, permanent and temporary headquar- 

 ters, pastures, lookout towers, fire lines, tool boxes, improvements 

 necessary for range development or making timber accessible, and 

 areas in which the blazing and posting of trails is urgent. 



Under " Forest protection ;; provision will be made for protection 

 against fire and insects, and the protection of nurseries 



Forest protection. anj plantations agamst rodents. 



