46 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. 



created, nor shall any additions be made to one heretofore created within the 

 limits of the States of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, or 

 Wyoming, except by act of Congress." The power of the President to create 

 or enlarge National Forests in other States and in the Territories remains un- 

 affected by this act. 



Temporary Withdrawals. 



Temporary withdrawals of land from entry may be made by the President 

 under the act of June 25, 1910 (36 Stat., 847), when the creation of new Forests 

 or additions is contemplated and a withdrawal is deemed necessary. Such 

 withdrawals can not be made within the States of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, 

 Oregon, Washington, or Wyoming, unless there is pending legislation which 

 proposes the inclusion of the areas within a National Forest. 



National Monuments. 



The act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat., 225), provides for the protection of objects 

 of historic and scientific interest on lands controlled by the Government, and 

 authorizes the President to create, by proclamation, national monuments for 

 their preservation. The act also authorizes the Secretary of the Interior, on 

 behalf of the United States, to accept deeds of gift of privately owned land 

 containing such objects. 



What May Be Included. 



AVhen a national monument is created within a National Forest, it is under 

 the jurisdiction of the Forest Service. The objects which may properly be 

 recommended for reservation under this act are cliff dwellings, pueblo ruins, 

 ancient rock paintings, unique topographic or geologic features, historic land- 

 marks, and groves of rare trees in danger of destruction. 



Cooperation in Selection. 



The Forest Service will cooperate, when necessary, with the Bureau of Ameri- 

 can Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution in protecting and securing 

 information regarding objects of historic and scientific interest located on or 

 near the borders of National Forests. 



Not to Be Listed to Homesteaders. 

 No lands containing such object will be listed under the*Forest-homestead act. 



BOUNDARY GUANOES. 



Policy Additions and Eliminations. 



Although boundary questions as a whole may be considered as fairly well 

 settled in so far as the addition or elimination of large areas is involved, yet it 

 is safe to assume that only in a few exceptional cases are the boundary lines 

 definitely and finally located exactly where they can be said to include only 

 such lands as will for all time be classed as chiefly valuable for timber grow- 

 ing and watershed protection purposes and to exclude all lands, with the excep- 

 tion of such small areas as must be retained for administrative reasons, as 

 may for all time be classed as chiefly valuable for agriculture, mining, grazing, 

 or other uses. As the population increases and the demand, not only upon 

 the timber and the water resources of the National Forests, but also for lands 

 for other uses, principally agriculture, becomes more intensive and lands of all 

 classes acquire correspondingly higher values, it will become necessary to draw 

 the lines more and more closely between those lands chiefly valuable for forest 

 purposes and those lands chiefly valuable forother purposes, which it is the 

 intent of Congress should not be withheld from private settlement and develop- 

 ment. In the future, therefore, boundary questions concerning additions to and 

 eliminations from National Forests, while having to do with much smaller areas 

 than in the past, will be more difficult to determine and will involve much 

 closer and more careful investigation of all the factors involved, many of 

 which will be of a highly technical nature. The classification of lands within 

 the National Forests in order to determine the comparative values and the 

 highest use to which they may be put should consequently become increasingly 

 more intensive, in order that the recommendations submitted may be well 

 founded. 



Inter-Forest Boundaries. 



Boundaries between adjoining Forests will generally be upon topographic lines, 

 although legal subdivisions may be followed. They will be determined after a 



