54 THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. 



data upon a standard scale, 1 inch to 1 mile, 1 and upon a uniform legend. They 

 are not always sufficiently accurate for Forest work, and the sheets must, 

 therfore, be corrected whenever new data have been obtained in the field. The 

 manner of correcting sheets is shown on the " Dummy Atlas Sheet," which 

 has been issued to Forest officers. The method is that used by printers in cor- 

 recting proof. Bold lines should be drawn to the margin of the sheet and 

 explanatory notes written clearly. The marginal note is necessary both to ex- 

 plain and to call attention to the correction, and if properly indicated on the 

 sheet, letters or memorandums telling how it should be corrected will not be 

 necessary. 



New Data. 



New data obtained by reconnaissance is usually mapped on a scale of 2 inches 

 or 4 inches to 1 mile. Such data should not be redrawn to the standard Atlas 

 scale in the field. The reconnaissance tracings should be sent to Washington 

 with a requisition, Form 988, for photo-reduction. For this and other reasons 

 reconnaissance tracings and other base maps should be drawn with black ink 

 only, and should show only the drainage, contour, culture, and land lines. 

 Other data, such as classification, forest or grazing types, or administration 

 districts, can be shown by appropriate colors upon two or more prints. By 

 this method the tracing remains a record which is subject to very little change, 

 and is not obscured by data which are of special rather than general value. 

 The first reconnaissance of any area should include the drainage and contour, 

 otherwise it will not be possible to " register " a second or supplemental recon- 

 naissance with it. 



General Maps. 



In accordance with the " Instructions for Making Forest Surveys and Maps," 

 page 71, requests for the compilation and issuance of a Forest map should be 

 submitted to the Forester. There should be no delay in making such requests. 

 If a supervisor has not already been supplied with a satisfactory general map 

 of his Forest, which can be used for administrative purposes, he should submit 

 corrected Atlas sheets or other data, as provided in the instructions, and send 

 them with his recommendation, through the District Forester, to the Forester. 

 This recommendation should specify the kind of data which should be shown or 

 omitted, the scale, and the number of copies required. On the majority of 

 Forests the most satisfactory scale for a general map will be one-half inch to 

 1 mile. If a larger or smaller scale is recommended the reasons should be given. 



These general maps, when issued, will serve as base maps upon which may be 

 indicated, by the appropriate colors or symbols, the location of various activities 

 and transactions on the Forests. They should, therefore, so far as practicable, 

 show the land-office surveys, drainage, prominent topographic features, and 

 culture (works of man). The culture should include roads, trails, railroads, 

 telephone lines, towns and settlements, and rangers' headquarters and summer 

 camps. Other desirable data can be shown if within the limitations of the 

 scale. Ordinarily, alienations can be shown best, where the scale is only one- 

 half inch to the mile, by the use of color. If the supervisor requires too many 

 of such maps to warrant their coloring by hand, the alienated areas can be 

 printed, in a transparent tint, upon a portion of the edition, leaving the re- 

 mainder as a permanent base map. 



If a Forest has already been furnished with a general map on the half-inch 

 scale and a sufficient amount of corrections and additions have been subse- 

 quently made to warrant the issuance of a revised edition, these corrections 

 should be indicated upon a copy of the last edition, using red ink and follow- 

 ing the method described in the " Instructions for Making Forest Surveys and 

 Maps," and as shown on the " dummy " Atlas sheet. The same procedure should 

 be followed in changing or correcting proclamation diagrams. Correction must 

 be made on the map. Any reasons or explanations may be written, in red, on 

 the margin where the draftsmen and engravers will not fail to see them. 



Working-plan Maps. 



Accurate base maps on a large scale showing the topography and culture 

 are absolutely essential for the proper and successful management of the tim- 



1 The mother maps of Great Britain and India are on the same scale as the Forest Atlas 

 standard. Those of France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, and Sweden are nearly the same, 

 14 inches to the mile. Those of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Norway, Bulgaria, Hungary, Russia, 

 and Portugal are on smaller scales ; those of Germany, Belgium, Denmark, and the 

 Netherlands are on larger scales 



