GENERAL ADMINISTRATION AXD PROTECTION. 67 



Protective Stipulations. 



The use of Forest resources should be surrounded with all reasonable pre- 

 cautions against fire. All applications for timber, grazing, and special use 

 should lu> scrutinized with this point in view: necessary stipulations against 

 the setting of fires should ;>e inserted in all contracts or permits. 



No opportunity should be lost in getting the cooperation of permittees to 

 assist the regular force in preventing, reporting, and suppressing fires. As far 

 as payment for labor is concerned, the general policy to be followed in such 

 cases is to pay permittees for services rendered in connection with, fires which 

 do not arise from their carelessness or from the use granted by the terms of 

 their permit or contract. When, however, fires will seriously affect or perma- 

 nently prevent the enjoyment of the use grafted the permittees, they may rea- 

 sonably be expected to furnish a certain amount of assistance free of charge; 

 and the supervisors will take this fact into consideration in deciding the extent 

 to which the permittees should be paid for services rendered in fire fighting. 



Equipment. 



Every Forest officer should know the amount and location of all fire-fighting 

 equipment ; implements, camp outfits at each station, tool houses and boxes on 

 the Forest. To be sure of this there should be an annual inventory; if the 

 inventory shows an insufficient supply of fire-fighting equipment, the deficiency 

 should be made good at once. 



Transportation and Supplies. 



In addition to the inventory there should be lists of ranchers, liverymen, 

 garages, and logging camps from which equipment and means of transportation 

 can be obtained, and one of ranches and stores from which provisions, hay, 

 and grain can be obtained promptly. Wherever possible definite estimates 

 should be secured and tentative arrangements made before the fire season 

 begins for such transportation and supplies as might be needed in case of 

 fire. When such provision can not be made the purchase of pack trains, 

 I earns, and wagons or auto trucks should be considered. Permission for such 

 purchases must be obtained from the District Forester. 



Foremen. 



To be forehanded the whole country in the vicinity of the Forests should be 

 canvassed for experienced men who are capable of handling fire-fighting crews. 

 When such men are found, terms of employment should be agreed upon and 

 definite instructions given for action in case of fire. 



Labor for Fighting 1 Fire. 



Forest officers will secure the addresses and telephone numbers of ranches, 

 logging camps, mills, and power plants, from which labor may be obtained, and 

 the amount and character of such labor; also, if possible, terms of employment 

 should be arranged for in advance. 



Location and Addresses of Forest Officers and Fire Wardens. 



There should also be a list of the names, location, post-office addresses, and 

 telephone numbers of all officers on the Forest and on adjoining Forests, the 

 names of State and county fire wardens, of United States commissioners and 

 road supervisors, and of officers of private fire associations. 



Slash Burning-. 



It should be ascertained beforehand what ranchmen and loggers expect to 

 burn slashings during the season, and, if possible, protective plans should be 

 arranged. 



Fire Fighting. 



In fire fighting three kinds of fires may be distinguished: (1) Those which 

 can be attacked directly that is, smothered or beaten out: (2) those which 

 can be attacked only by indirect methods, such as firebreaks, back firing, and 

 the use of water or chemicals; and (3) those whose size, swiftness, and inten- 

 sity render an attack wholly impracticable. In the last instance the things 

 to be done are to determine the probable course and development of the fire, 

 and then to take advantage of any lull which is likely to follow when the fire 

 meets less combustible material, topographic barriers, wind changes, or rain. 



Detailed Instructions. 



Detailed instructions will have to be prepared by supervisors for each type 

 of forest. These instructions should take into consideration, besides the in- 



