30 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL GRAZING. 



of handling his stock. The lines of individual sheep allotments 

 should be as clearly defined as possible, and every effort should be 

 made to have them thoroughly understood by the herders and camp 

 tenders immediately after the sheep enter the range. A full descrip- 

 tion should be written in or on the back of the permit, and the 

 boundaries should be marked where practicable witn posters (Form 

 222.) When range conditions are fairly well settled tne practice of 

 furnishing each permittee with a copy of a map showing his own and 

 the surrounding ranges is an excellent one. In making individual 

 range allotments the number of cattle and horses which will stray 

 upon them must be considered and proper allowance made for this 

 excess. 



Lambing Grounds. 



Early ranges suitable for the lambing of sheep and necessarily 

 used for that purpose should be protected from overgrazing and 

 injury during the remainder of the grazing season. Moderate grazing 

 may be allowed prior to the close of the season, but continuous use 

 throughout the entire summer period should be prohibited. 



Driveways Established by District Forester. 



Whenever it appears necessary for stock to cross regulany any 

 portion of a National Forest the supervisor will report the fact, 

 with a description of the regular route traveled, the width of drive- 

 way necessary to aUow the, proper grazing of stock en route, the 

 number and class of stock which will probably cross, and the number 

 of days required for crossing. 



Upon receipt of such a report, if the circumstances warrant, and 

 grazing upon the area of the Kind of stock involved has been author- 

 ized by the Forester, the district forester will establish the driveway 

 and define the privileges to be granted. 



Permits will oe required for stock crossing the Forest on a regular 

 driveway. (See "Crossing permits," p. 41.) 



The driveway should be as short, as easy of passage and access as 

 the character of the country will permit. It should also be estab- 

 lished with care for the interests of permittees using adjoining ranges, 

 and it is most important that it should be clearly marked with 

 posters along the exterior limits, as suits and prosecutions for stray- 

 ing therefrom can not easily be maintained in the absence of such 

 notices. 



EXCLUSION OF STOCK. 



General Procedure. 



When it becomes necessary to prohibit all grazing on an area of 

 such an extent as to necessitate a reduction of the number of stock 

 allowed on the Forest for the purpose of forest protection, to protect 

 the water supply of a community, or for other reasons, the super- 

 visor should request an investigation from the district office. If it 

 is found necessary, the supervisor, with the district forester's 

 approval, will take the action. Where action of this sort can not 

 be effected by a shift in ranges, but will result in a cut in the number 

 allowed a permittee or in the entire exclusion of his stock, copies of 

 the letters rejecting the application or amending a permit will be 

 sent to the district office with necessary explanations in order that 

 the district forester may be in a position to answer complaints. 

 Where the cancellation of a permit is entailed, the district forester 



