NATIONAL FOKEST MANUAL GRAZING. 85 



Grazing Trespass on Protected Areas . 



The boundaries of protected areas should be plainly marked with 

 notices showing that the areas are closed to the grazing of certain 

 or al] classes of stock. The grazing of stock upon the area will be 

 considered as grazing trespass. Forest officers having charge of dis- 

 tricts within which there are protected areas will give them the most 

 effective protection possible. 

 Designation of Men to Handle Game Protection. 



All matters dealing with the protection of game on National For- 

 will be handled in the district offices by officers designated by 

 the district forester and in Washington by officers designated by 

 the Forester. 



STRAY OB TJNBRANDED STOCK. 



The ownership of all stray or unbranded stock upon the National 

 Forests will be determined by the laws of the State in which the 

 Forest is located, and forest officers will be governed by such laws 

 in the handling of stray or unbranded stock. Persons legally entitled 

 to acquire title to stray or unbranded stock may be allowed to do so, 

 but no permit or agreement should be granted or entered into by 

 any forest officer which authorizes a charge to be made for the 

 gathering of such stock or its sale by the person or persons who have 

 gathered or captured it. 



The owners of all branded animals which are captured with un- 

 branded stock will be required to make application for permit and 

 pay the grazing fees upon them. Stray or unbranded stock, if not 

 claimed by persons entitled to it under the law, will be held, and the 

 State authorities requested to take charge of it or authorize the 

 forest officer to dispose of it in accordance with the State law. 



Forest officers snould not attempt to acquire title to stray or 

 unbranded stock, or assume that its presence upon the Forest gives 

 any right to its use, except when they are qualified under the law to 

 acquire ownership of the stock. 



The construction of corrals or pastures for use in capturing wild 

 unbranded stock may be allowed under the rules governing other 

 special uses of the National Forest. 



Reimbursement for expenses incurred by forest officers in the 

 capture or removal of unbranded stock from the National Forests, 

 in excess of their ordinary expenses, may be allowed when the 

 expenditure has been authorized by the district forester. 



METHODS OF RANGE IMPROVEMENT. 



Improvement of National Forest ranges may be effected in three 

 ways : 



(1) Improved methods of handling stock. 



(2) Improvement of range by natural reseeding. 



(3) Improvement of range by artificial seeding. 

 Better Methods of Handling the Stock. 



Sheep. By careful experimental study it has been found that sheep 

 unmolested in pasture require only from 65 to 80 per cent as much 

 range as when herded in bands in the open. This is due to the 

 difference in the actions of the sheep. In pasture they wander about 



