22 THE USE BOOK. 



MARKING TREES TO BE CUT. 



In order to insure proper restocking of the ground, all lire trees must be 

 marked or designated by the Forest officer before cutting. If desired, sample 

 areas will be marked for the information of the purchaser before the final 

 contract is signed. Usually one-tenth to one-third of the stand is reserved, 

 either scattered over the entire tract or distributed in groups. 



SCALING TIMBER. 



Although the contract contains an estimate of the timber to be cut, National 

 Forest timber is not sold upon mere estimate. Payment is made upon the actual 

 log scale of the timber cut, according to the Scribner Decimal C Rule. Scaling 

 will be done by an officer of the Forest Service and proper allowance made 

 for defects. Purchasers may be required to skid logs for scaling, unless this 

 will greatly increase the cost of logging. 



Log lengths. 



On all National Forests, except those in Alaska and west of the summit of the 

 Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon, logs over 16 feet long will be 

 scaled as two or more logs in lengths not less than 12 feet, if possible. 



Special rule for A laska and west slope of Cascades. On the National Forests 

 in Alaska and west of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon logs 

 up to and including 32 feet long will be scaled as one log; lengths from 34 

 feet to 64 feet, inclusive, will be scaled as two logs, dividing them at the center 

 as near as may be in even feet. Thus a 34-foot log will be scaled as an 18-foot 

 log and a 10-foot top log. A 36-foot log will be scaled as two 18-foot logs. 



"Unnecessary loss in manufacture not considered. 



It is assumed that purchasers utilize the maximum amount of material in 

 manufacture. Since the Government can not be held responsible for loss caused 

 by poor equipment or poor management, the sealer will not take them into 

 consideration. 



The loss may be caused by too thick slabbing, cutting material too thick or 

 too wide at the main saw, poorly " sized " lumber, excessive " crowding " by 

 the sawyer, poorly kept saws which " run," waste in topping and trimming 

 through ignorance or carelessness, or sawing for a certain class of material 

 regardless of the waste it involves. 



Measuring 1 diameters. 



All diameters will be measured inside the bark at the top end of the log. 

 Diameters will be rounded off to the nearest inch above or below the actual 

 diameter. 



Merchantable material. 



In general a log containing sufficient sound material to saw out salable 

 lumber equal to one-third of its contents as given by the scale rule is termed 

 merchantable. This will be varied in accordance with the character of the 

 timber and local market conditions. 



Ties. 



Ties are sold by the piece, actually scaled or counted, and the number mul- 

 tiplied by the average contents as the contract provides. The following ratios 

 are used : 8-foot ties, standard face, 33 board feet each, or 30 ties to the 

 thousand; 8-foot ties, second class, and 6-foot ties, standard face, 25 board feet 

 each, or 40 ties to the thousand. 



Shakes and shingle bolts. 



Shake and shingle material is measured by the cord or by the thousand feet, 

 board measure, a cording to local custom. As a rule, a cord of shingle bolts 

 is considered equal to 600 board feet. 



Lagging. 



Lagging is measured by the cord or linear foot 'or by the piece, or where 

 split lagging is used by the board foot, each cubic foot counting as 12 board 

 feet. 

 Poles, posts, etc. 



Poles, posts, piles, and stulls are scaled and sold by the linear foot or by the 

 piece, as circumstances warrant. 



