1 6 WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES 



times that consumed by the wood users. Several conditions, however, 

 favor the use of shipped-in material. Industries near the borders 

 draw their raw material from nearby localities, irrespective of State 

 boundaries. The railroads entering the large consuming centers of 

 Eastern Virginia from the South, facilitate the use of lumber from 

 Southern States rather than material shipped from the far western 

 part of the State. Virginia sawmills probably secured better mar- 

 kets for their rough lumber in the Northern States than at home,, 

 while manufacturers on the other hand purchased more advantageous- 

 ly from sawmills farther South. 



Virginia is divided naturally into three well-recognized regions, 

 according to the chacteristic growth of the timber and to soil and 

 surface conditions. They are the Tidewater Region, the Piedmont 

 Region and the Mountain Region. The Tidewater Region is the noted 

 pine section of Virginia, where the first exploitation of the forest be- 

 gan, and from where the largest portion of the lumber credited to 

 Virginia has always been manufactured. Loblolly and shortleaf ex- 

 tensively, and scrub and long-leaf pines in infrequent stands ; are native 

 of this part of the State, On the lower lands mixed with the pine 

 are gums, water oak, hickory, and in the swamp and inundated areas, 

 willows, cypress and Southern white cedar (juniper) grow. The 

 Piedmont Region presents frequent areas of shortleaf pine standing 

 on the old fields, and in the northern part of this section the scrub pine 

 (Finns virginiana) prevails. Red cedar, oaks, yellow poplar, chest- 

 nut, ashes, and! hickories, and otiher miscellaneous hardwoods abound. 

 This region is the principal farming center and the tree stands are con- 

 fined entirely to farm forests. The Mountain region is mainly a hard- 

 wood section and furnishes a large part of the virgin growths still 

 standing in Virginia. The white pine stands belong to this region of 

 the State ; but scrub pine is scattered throughout the hardwoods. Red 

 spruce, extending its range from West Virginia, is cut in large quanti- 

 ties in several localities of this region. Table 2 gives the kinds and the 

 amounts in board feet, of the home grown woods, and furnishes a com- 

 parison with the woods grown outside of the State as reported by the 

 manufacturers. 



