Otf VIRGINIA 13 



mixed together and accepted by the manufacturer as white oak; 

 scarlet oak and Spanish oak, in trade, are not distinguishable from 

 red oak. Third, in a number of instances the manufacturer finds 

 the kind of wood, independent of the species, suitable for his needs 

 and therefore is indifferent to the species he uses. Examples of this 

 are found in the reports of the users of thje elms, (hickories and ashes. 



In this study, therefore, the effort made to separate the species 

 was carried out only so far as the separation was practical in accord- 

 ance with wood uses. In Table I, all kinds of wood used by the Vir- 

 ginia manufacturers have been brought together; some are listed 

 according to the generic name only, but many according to species. 

 The quantity shown for each is not exact because of the difficulties 

 named above. In a number of cases the determination of a species 

 was made more or less arbitrary. The particular use of the wood, 

 the location where it was cut, information gathered in the field from 

 timbermen and others better versed than the manufacturer, and 

 identification by men gathering the information were the principal 

 factors governing the decisions. The results, therefore, as shovn in 

 the table may be accepted as approximately correct. 



Seven species of yellow pine are cut for lumber in the United 

 States. The statistics of the Bureau of the Census grouped them as 

 yellow pine. Of these, four are native to Virginia and appear in 

 Table I in quantity, ahead of all other kinds of wood. They are lob- 

 lolly pine, shortleaf pine, longleaf pine and scrub pine. 



