APPRECIATION OF INTELLIGENCE 15 



allowance must be made for age. Doubtless many of those 

 cases are rachitic. Hydrocephalus is entered in its own class. 



* A. 3. Cranium small. The point of size of head is 

 recorded as apart from the size of the child for its age. The 

 volume is estimated in relation to the normal for age. This 

 is determined by inspection, by the open hand placed upon 

 the head, and by the measuring tape. A head with cir- 

 cumference over 20 inches at any school age is not registered 

 as small; usually the small heads are 18 to 19^ inches 

 circumference. Small head is noted independent of stature.' 



On p. 20 of his Repoj't he says further : 



' In estimating the volume of a cranium it is preferable to 

 proceed by inspection ; noting its form and not solely the 

 circumference or other measurements ; good estimate of 

 both form and volume may be obtained by placing the 

 open hand on the child's head, subsequently using a tape 

 measure.' 



Dr. Warner's account of his procedure is again varied in 

 his Report to the British Association ^ in 1 893. He says 

 there : * Thus the cranium was not noted as small unless 

 the circumference be less than 19 inches at eight years old 

 or 19^ among older children, while the general volume 

 is estimated by the open hand placed upon it.' 



Thus we find that 'small heads are usually 18 to 19^ 

 inches ' ; ' the cranium was not noted as small unless the 

 circumference be less than 19 inches at eight years old or 

 19 J among older children ' ; * the normal at seven is 20 to 21 

 inches ' ; and ' a head of 22 inches is to be considered large '. 



Anything more indefinite and vague than this it is diffi- 

 cult to imagine, and it is quite clear that notwithstanding 

 Dr. Warner's own statement as to the use of the measuring 

 tape, the heads of the children were not measured by him. 



* Report of the British Association, &c., 1893, p. 615. 



