234 SPORTING STORIES 



must have been successful, for when he died, in his eighty- 

 fifth year, on the 8th January 1789, it was found that he 

 was worth £yooo. 



The best monument to his fame is the Code of Rules 

 which he drew up to regulate prize-fighting. For one 

 hundred years they governed the practice of the Prize Ring, 

 till superseded by the New Rules, which came into force 

 in 1838. I subjoin the more important of Broughton's 

 Rules : — 



1. That a square yard be chalked in the middle of the 

 stage, and every fresh set-to each second is to bring his man 

 to the side of the square and place him opposite to the 

 other, and till they are fairly set-to at the lines it shall not 

 be lawful for the one to strike the other. 



2. That in order to prevent any disputes as to the time 

 a man lies after a fall, if the second does not bring his man 

 to the side of the square within half a minute he shall be 

 deemed a beaten man. 



3. That in every main battle no person whatever shall be 

 upon the stage except the principals and the seconds. 



4. That no champion be deemed beaten unless he fails 

 coming up to the line in the limited time, or that his own 

 second declares him beaten. No second is allowed to 

 ask his man's adversary any question, or advise him to 

 give out. 



6. That, to prevent disputes, in every main battle the 

 principals shall, on the coming on the stage, choose from 

 among the gentlemen present two umpires, who shall 

 absolutely decide all disputes ; and, if the two umpires 

 cannot agree, the said umpires to choose a third, who is to 

 determine it. 



7. That no person is to hit his adversary when he is 

 down or seize him by the ham, the breeches, or any part 

 below the waist : a man on his knees to be reckoned 

 down. 



An even more potent factor in the popularity of the 

 Prize Ring was the personality of John Jackson — "The 

 Emperor of Pugilism," as his friend and pupil Lord Byron 

 called him. For years his word was law in the pugilistic 

 world. The aristocracy, from the Prince of Wales down- 



