10 HAYES' JOURNEY IN 1860. 



two were killed. At the same time from a high point he could see 

 the inland ice. The 6th of March saw them up betimes in the 

 morning, and by midday they came to a considerable extended plain. 

 Here the land sloped inwards, and now they saw at their feet the 

 huge extended mass of the great interior ice. They now quickly 

 ran over small hills, lakes, and streams, until they came to a 

 moderately large lake at the end of the inland ice, which was the 

 limit of their journey. After an attempt to climb the ice, Kielsen 

 returned, and had a most troublesome journey. When he reached 

 the fjord, he found that its frozen surface had broken up, so that he 

 had to go overland to the colony, which he reached on the 9th of 

 March, after having gone into the interior on this journey 80 

 miles in a straight line from Holstenborg. 1 



4. Hayes' Journey in 1860. — The voyage of Dr. I. I. Hayes in the 

 American schooner United States, to Smith Sound, in 1860-61, has 

 been so frequently referred to in the public journals that its objects 

 and ends must be familiar to most of my readers. One of the 

 minor excursions which he took, while his vessel lay in winter- 

 quarters, was to the interior of the country, and deserves in this 

 place a notice, as not only one of the most successful of these 

 attempts to penetrate the inland ice, but as also the most northerly 

 of them. 



The particular off-shoot of the great interior mer de glace (for he 

 was never on the real inland ice, which differs considerably from 

 that which he travelled over) on which he broke ground was that 

 one named by Dr. Kane " My Brother John's Glacier," in Port 

 Foulke, lat. 78° 17' 41" n., long. 72" 30' 57" w. On the advice of 

 his dog-driver, Jensen, he dispensed with dog-sledges ; though he 

 afterwards regretted this, as he had reason to believe that on some 

 part of the journey they would have been available. Everybody 

 was keen to go, as it was one of their first attempts at exploration 

 after they got into winter-quarters ; but Hayes selected as com- 

 panions Mr. Knorr, John McDonald, Harvey Heywood, Christian 

 Petersen (a Dane), and the Greenland Eskimo Peter. They set out 

 on the 22nd of October with one sledge and a small canvas tent, 

 two buffalo-skins for bedding, a cooking-lamp, provisions for eight 

 days, and an extra pair of fur stockings, a tea-cup and an iron spoon 

 for each man. Their first camp was at the foot of the glacier, when 

 the temperature was 11° Fahr. The second day they got to the top 

 of the glacier, with hard work and some trifling accidents, one of 

 which threatened to be rather serious, Dr. Hayes having, owing to 



1 Rink's ' Gronland Geograph. og Statistisk beskrevet,' Band ii. pp. 97-99. 



