38 THE SUB-GLACIAL STREAM. 



The greater portion of these bergs form long " streams " opposite 

 their "ice-fjords," these streams being constantly reinforced by fresh 

 additions from the land, poured out from the fjord. Hence certain 

 localities in Greenland are distinguished by their " ice-streams ;" 

 these localities being invariably opposite the mouths of ice-fjords, 

 or fjords with great glaciers at their landward end pouring out 

 icebergs. Few, if any, as T have already stated, are found on the 

 east coast ; but on the west (or Davis Strait and Baffin Bay side, 

 from south to north, in the Danish possessions), the following 

 localities, among others, chiefly known by their native names, are 

 situated : — 



O I 



1. Sermilik ice-fjord and ice-stream in about x. lat. . . 60 30 



2. Sermeliarsuk „ 61 32 



3. Narsalik „ 61 57 



4. Godthaab ,, 64 30 



5. Jakobskavn „ 69 12 



6. Tossukatek „ 69 48 



7. Great Kariak „ 70 26 



8. Little Kariak „ 70 36 



9. Serrnelik „ 70 41 



10. Itifiiarsuk „ 70 52 



11. Innerit „ 70 56 



12. Great Kangerdlursoak .... „ 71 25 



13. Upernivik „ 72 57 1 



We have now sketched the ice-field with the glacier and the ice- 

 berg. Are there no other defluents of the " inland ice ? " This 

 leads us to speak of: — 



4. The Subglacial Stream. — AVhat is under the inland ice is, I fear, 

 a question we shall never be able to answer. No doubt the country 

 is undulating; for I believe this immense glaciation overspread 

 the country after the close of the Tertiary period, perhaps about the 

 same period when Scotland lay under the ice cap. Continuously 

 grinding over these rocks, a creamy mud must be formed, which 

 mud must now be of considerable thickness, if not swept into hollows 

 or washed out from beneath the ice. In the Alps the glacier is said 

 to wear for itself a muddy bed, which Agassiz 2 calls la couche de 

 boue or la boue glaciaire, and other authors la moraine profonde 



and stones ; and such a refrigeration of the water in the fissures may be sup- 

 posed to be an important agency in setting in motion these great mountains 

 of ice." 



1 Kink : Om den geographiske Beskaffenhed af de danske Handels distrikter 

 i Nord-Gronland : udsigt over Nord-gronlands Geognosie. Det Kongl. danske 

 Vidensk. Selskab. Skr., 3 Bind, 1853, p. 71, et lib. eit. Dr. Eink altogether 

 resided for sixteen winters and twenty-two summers in Greenland. 



2 ' Etudes sur les Glaciers et Systeme Glaciaire." p. 574. 



