110 WRANGELL'S JOURNEYS IN 1821-22. 



hummocks contained eartli and sand. Travelling difficult ; seven 

 hours in accomplishing 19 miles. 



April 2nd. — Wind north-west; snow; temperature + 18; course 

 n. by w. Many hummocks ; ice 1 foot thick ; three seals seen ; 

 depth of water 12 fathoms; green mud. Camped in lat. 71° 31' n. 



April 3rd. — Thermometer + 16°, fox- tracks from ws.w. to e.n.e. 

 Ice only 5 inches thick, and very rotten. Felt the undulatory 

 motion under the ice; lat. 71° 37'. 



April 4th. — A gale from the north; temperature + 16°. Pro- 

 ceeded northerly with two sleighs ; reached lat. 71° 43'; ice so rotten 

 that we were compelled to return. The hummocks are sometimes 

 80 feet in height. 



April 5th. — Wind s.s.E. ; temperature + 9 a.m. + 7 p.m. ; in 

 lat. 70° 30'. 



April 6th. — Wind south-east ; temperature + 18 a.m., and — 2 p.m.; 

 ice agitated, and in the north-east loud noise of ice crushing 

 together; lat. 71° 15'. 



April 7th. — Wind east ; temperature + 5 a.m. — 6 p.m. ; in 

 lat. 70° 56'. April 8th. — Wind south ; temperature 0. Came upon 

 a wide fissure ; ferried across on a floating block of ice. Current 

 half a knot in an e.s.k. direction; depth of water 12i fathoms; ice 

 violently agitated, opening in various directions ; lat. 70° 46'. On 

 April 13th reached lat. 71° 4', where eight dogs fell through the 

 ice into the water. Eeturned to Four Pillar Island on the 18th, and 

 to Niznei Kolymsk on the 28th, having been absent thirty-six days, 

 and have travelled 700 miles with the same dogs. 



In 1822 Baron Wrangell left Niznei Kolymsk on the 10th of 

 March, with five travelling and nineteen provision sledges carrying 

 provision for forty days. The Baranov Eock was reached on the 

 14th, and on March 23rd the thermometer rose to + 35° in lat. 

 70° 42' and 1° 50' E. of Baranov Eock. On April 9th, in lat. 71° 51' 

 and 3° 20' E. of Baranov Eock several fissures were met with, in 

 which a depth of 1 4£ fathoms green mud was found. Here the 

 ice hummocks prevented the heavy laden sleighs proceeding further ; 

 a light sleigh proceeded 6 miles to the north, when all progress was 

 stopped by the complete breaking up of the ice and a close approach 

 to the open sea. On the 19th, in lat. 71° 18' and 4° 36' e. of 

 Baranov, a depth of 21 fathoms was found, with a rather strong 

 current running to the e.s.e. On the 22nd Cape Chelagskoi was 

 sighted, and they returned, on May 5th, to Niznei Kolyrnsk, having 

 been absent 57 days and travelled over 782 miles. 



In 1823 Baron Wrangell left Baranika on March 5th and reached 



