ARTISTIC HORSE -SHOEING. 55 



You will never fail to correct a case of interfering" with 

 this shoe if you only have weight enough. 



FOUR-CALK SHOE FOR RING-BONES, SPAVINS, ETC. 



Fig. 22 shows a four-calk shoe to be used on horses 

 having ring-bones, curbs, spavins or sore tendons. In fact 

 this shoe may be used with almost an^^ horse that is lame 

 and for whom it is painful to travel with a high toe-calk. 

 With the four-calk shoe the horse has a level foundation 

 and equal bearing, and when he picks up his foot he has no 

 toe-calk to climb over, he simply rolls over the front calk 

 as it were. 



A horse with ring-bones, curbs or spavins will hardly 

 limp with. this style of shoe, where he can scarcely hobble 

 along on an ordinary three-calk shoe. 



In all cases where an^^thing is the matter with a horse's 

 foot I raise the heel more than I do the toe and oftentimes 

 no toe-calk at all is a great deal better. 



The closer we keep the foot to the ground the better it is 

 in all cases. 



IMPROVED SHOE FOR TENDER FEET. 



Fig. 23. Mr. Wm. H. Russell, the author of ^^ Scientific 

 Horse-Shoeing," first constructed and used this shoe. His 

 description of it is as follows: '-'This shoe is made of steel 

 and is well concaved on the ground surface. The bars are 

 made so as to fit upon the bars of the foot and bear Aveight 

 as the unshod hoof does in a state of nature, preventing 

 bruises in the heels and quarter cracks. I have tested this 



