the late Geo. W. St. Clair, and now by Mike Bowerman, of 

 Lexington, Ky., is the best thing I have seen to help knit 

 and grow down a quartercrack. A little North Carolina tar 

 rubbed into coronet over crack every other day I find is 

 excellent. 



XXXVII. DISHED OR SCOOPED TOE. 



This is caused by allowing feet to grow too long, espe- 

 cially on colts and horses in training, creating undue pres- 

 sure and strain on the front of foot on breaking over to 

 leave the ground. It is also caused by being foundered, 

 where the soles of feet have dropped, and also where the 

 fever has settled in the feet, and the soles have not dropped, 

 but are inclined to be contracted, dry and hard, and kept at 

 the wrong angle, and feet not kept properly fixed and shoes 

 not properly fitted. The remedy for this is to fix the foot 

 at the proper angle, keep the frog close to the ground. 

 Pare the sole a little thin around the toe from the point of 

 frog out to the wall at the toe, and after the shoe has been 

 fitted, cut the bearing of the foot at the toe away from the 

 shoe. A few shoeings of this kind will prevent the toe from 

 turning up. 



XXXVIII. CONCUSSION. 



Horses with high knee action hit the ground the hard- 

 est. The more weight a horse carries in his shoes or toe 

 weights, the more concussion he receives. The concussion 

 on the hind feet and legs does not seem to pain or sting 

 anything like what he has to endure in the front feet and 

 legs when striking the ground fast and hard, especially 

 when he is going over a hard piece of ground. If his front 

 feet are out of proportion, high heels and long toes, dry and 

 hard, he will feel the concussion severely and this will make 

 many horses unsteady, breaking and acting bad. A horse 



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