ART 



[78] 



ART 



A.pectincfta (comb-leaved). 1. Brown. June. 

 Dauria. 1806. Hardy annual. 



peduncula'ris (flower-stalked). 1. Yellow. 



July. Caucasus. 1818. 



po'ntica (Pontine). 3. Yellow. September. 



Austria. 1570. 



potentillccfo'lia (potentilla-leaved) . 1. July. 



Siberia. 1818. 



rmno'sa (branchy). 2. Canaries. 1816. 



Greenhouse evergreen. 



rep^ns (creeping). 1. Brown. June. Tar- 



tary. 1805. Hardy trailer. 



rupe'stris (hill). 2. Brown. August. Si- 



beria. 1748. 



saxa' tills (rock). 3. Brown. July. Hun- 



gary. 



seri'cea (silky-feared). 2. White. June. 



Siberia. 1796. 



spica'ta (spiked). 1. Brown. June. Switzer- 



land. 1790. 



taitrica (Taurian). 1. White green. Julv. 



Tauria. 1818. 



tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). 10. Yellow 



green. October. China. 1732. Green- 

 house evergreen. 



valcnti'na (Valentian). 1. Yellow green. 



July. Spain. 1739. Half-hardy ever- 

 green. 



vulga'ris (common wormwood). 



varicga' ta ( variegated-leaved) . 2 . 



Purple. August. Gardens. 



Wulfe'nii (Wulfen's), 1. Yellow green. 

 July. Switzerland. 1819. 



ARTHROPO'DIUM. (From, arthron, a 

 joint, and pom, a foot, in reference to 

 the flower- stalks being jointed. Nat. 

 ord., Lily worts [Liliacese]. Linn., 6- 

 Hexandria, \-monogynia; allied to An- 

 thericum). Greenhouse herbaceous peren- 

 nials, except where otherwise specified. 

 Seeds, offsets, and suckers. Sandy loam 

 and a little peat. Summer temp., 55 

 to 65 ; winter, 40 to 45. 

 A. cirra'tum (curled). 3. White. June. New 



Zealand. 1821. 

 fimbria'tum (fringed). 2. White. July. 



New Holland. 1822. 



mi'nus (smaller). 2. White. July. New 



Holland. 1823. 



panicula'tum (panicled). 3. White. Au- 



gust. New SouthjWales. 1800. Green- 

 house bulb. 



pendulum (pendulous). 2. White. July. 



Teneriffe. 1816. Half-hardy. 



ABTHROSTE'MMA. (From arthron, a 

 joint, and stemma, a crown, the flower- 

 stalks being jointed. Nat. ord., Melasto- 

 mads [Melastomacese]. Linn., S-Octan- 

 dria, \-monogynia; allied to Osbeckia). 

 Cuttings of small firm side shoots in 

 August or April ; under a glass in sandy 

 soil. The stove species with heat ; sandy 

 loam and a little peat. 

 A.frcfgile (brittle). 3. Rosy. June. Mexico. 

 1846. Stove evergreen. 



A. ni'tidum (glossy-leaved). 2. Pale lilac. 

 June. Buenos Ayres. 1830. Green- 

 house evergreen. 



versi'c olo r (changeable-flowered), f. Pink. 

 September. Brazil. 1825. Stove 

 evergreen. 



ARTICHOKE. (Cy'narascolymus). Many 

 persons have thought that the name of 

 this vegetable refers to the almost un- 

 swallowable part of it known by the name 

 of "the choke"; but this is quite a 

 mistake. The word artichoke is merely 

 the English mode of spelling its French 

 name, artichaut; and this is said by old 

 writers to be a corruption of the Arabic 

 name for it, alcocalos, which has reference 

 to the shape of its heads being like that 

 of the pine-apple. The Arabs prize it 

 highly, not only for its edible heads, but 

 its roots as a purgative, and its gummy 

 exudations as an emetic. 



Varieties. There are two varieties in 

 cultivation, the conical or French, of which 

 the heads are green and the scales of 

 their calyx spreading ; and the globe, 

 tinged with purple, with the scales curved 

 inwards and compactly. The artichoke 

 is sometimes called the globe artichoke on 

 account of the round outline of its heads. 

 These heads are boiled, and the bottom 

 of each scale, or calyx, eaten with butter 

 and salt. The bottom of these heads, 

 which is the part named the receptacle 

 by botanists, because it is the receptacle 

 or part containing all the members of 

 the flower, is very fleshy, and is cooked 

 in various ways ; being, also, sometimes 

 dried and used in winter. 



Propagation. It may be raised from 

 seed, but the most expeditious and usual 

 way is to plant suckers from the old roots 

 in the spring. "When the suckers are 

 eight or ten inches high, in open weather, 

 about the end of March or early in April, 

 select such as have much of their fibrous 

 roots, and are sound and not woody. 

 The brown hard part by which they are 

 attached to the parent stem must be re- 

 moved, and if that cuts crisp and tender 

 the suckers are good, but if tough and 

 stringy they are worthless. Further, to 

 prepare them for planting, the large out- 

 side leaves are taken off so low as that 

 the heart appears above them. If they 

 have been some time separated from the 

 stock, or if the weather is dry, they are 



