BIR 



[ 133 ] 



BIX 



hedge sparrow or dunnock, the redbreast, 

 the redstart, the torn-tit, the cole-tit, the 

 marsh-tit, and the greater tit. The weeds 

 and insects which these birds destroy, 

 will, however, certainly more than com- 

 pensate for the few heads of grain, the 

 flower seeds, or small fruit, which they 

 may occasionally pilfer. 



FRUIT-EATING BIRDS, WHICH ALSO FEED 

 ON INSECTS. 



In this list are the black cap, babillard, 

 (Currucd garrula,} the garden warbler, 

 and the whitethroat, the missel-thrush, 

 the song-thrush, the blackbird, and the 

 starling. 



DECIDEDLY DESTRUCTIVE BIRDS. 



The greater portion of those to be 

 enumerated are exclusively grain eaters, 

 and make no return for their depreda- 

 tions by destroying insects, though they 

 no doubt contribute to keep down the 

 diifusion of weeds by the quantity of 

 seeds which they devour. The goldfinch, 

 the yellow-hammer, the cirl-bunting, 

 the reed-bunting, the corn-bunting, the 

 skylark, the woodlark, the linnet, the 

 chaffinch, the mountain-finch, the bull- 

 finch, the house sparrow, and the tree 

 sparrow. 



BIRD CHERRY. Ce'rasus pa'dus. 



BIRD PEPPER, Capsicum bacccttim. 



BIRD'S BILL. Trigone'tta ornithopodi- 

 oi'des. 



BIRD'S EYE. Pri' mula farind sa. 



BIRD'S FOOT. Orthino'pus and Ett- 

 phdrbia orthino'pus. 



BIRD'S FOOT TREFOIL. Lotus. 



BIRD'S NEST. Asple'niwn Nidus. 



BIRD'S TONGUE. 'rnithoglo 'ssum. 



BIRTHWORT. AristoU' chia. 



BISCUTE'LLA. Buckler Mustard. (From 

 bis, double or twice, and scutella, a saucer; 

 in reference to the shape of the seed 

 vessel when bursting. Nat. ord., Cruci- 

 fers [Brassicaceee]. Linn., \5-Tetrady- 

 namia. Allied to Thlaspe, or Shepherd s 

 Purse). All hardy. The annuals by 

 seed in March ; the perennials by divi- 

 sion then or in September. Common 

 soil. 



PERENNIALS. 

 B. amU'qua (doubtful). J. Yellow, June. 



Italy. 1820. 

 *coronopifo'Ua (Buckthorn-leaved), i. Yellow. 



June. Italy. 1790. 



B. keviffa'ta (smooth podded] . 1. Yellow. June. 



Italy. 1777. 

 alpc'stris (alpine). 1. YelloSv. 



June. Hungary. 1816. 



longifo'lia (long leaved). Switzerland. 1832. 



monta'na (mountain). 1. Yellow. Spain. 



1823. 



rap hanifo'lia ; (radish-leaved). 1. Yellow. 



July. Sicily. 1822. 



saxa'lilis (rock). 1. Yellow. June. South 



Europe. 1821. 



sempcrvi'rens (evergreen). 1. Yellow. June. 



Spain. 1784. 



stenophy'lla (narrow-leaved). 1. Yellow. 



June. Spain. 1826. 



ANNUALS. 



cilia'ta (hair-fringed). 1. Yellow. June. 



South of France. 1820. 



Colifmnce (Columna's). 1. Yellow. June. 



South of Italy. 1823. 



dcpre'ssa (depressed). A. Yellow. June. 



Egypt. 1811. 



lyra'ta (lyre leaved). 1J. Yellow. July. 



Spain. 1799. 



mari'tima (sea). 11. Yellow. June. Naples. 



1824. 



obova'ta (reversed-egg-s7r^ec?). 1. Yellow. 



June. Europe. 1817. 



BISE'RULA. Hatchet Vetch. (From. 

 bis, twice, and serrula, a saw ; in refer- 

 ence to the seed pods being armed with 

 teeth. Nat. ord., Leguminous Plants 

 [Fabacese]. Linn., \l-Diadelphia, 4- 

 decandria; allied to Astragalus). Hardy 

 annual. Seeds in April or September. 

 Sandy soil. 



B. Pelefcimts (bastard corn-tveed). 1. Purple. 

 July. South Europe. 1640. 



BITTER OAK. Que rcus ce r rris. 



BITTER-SWEET. Soldnum dulcamara. 



BITTER VETCH. Oro'bus. 



BITTER WOOD. Xylo'pia. 



BIVON^E'A. (After A. Bivona Bernard^ 

 a professor of botany in Sicily. Nat. ord., 

 Crucifers [Brassicacese]. Linn., 15-Tetra- 

 dynamia. Allied to Lepidium). Hardy 

 annual. Seeds ; common soil. 



B. lute? a (yellow), i. Yellow. June. Italy. 

 1824. 



BIXA. Arnott'a. (Its native name in 

 South America. Nat. ord.. Bixads [Fla- 

 courtiacese]. Linn., 13-Poli/andria, 1- 

 tnonoyynia). The reddish pulp which 

 surrounds the seeds of B. Orellana, is the 

 Arnotta of commerce, used in the prepa- 

 ration of chocolate and by farmers for 

 colouring cheese, and also by dyers for a 

 reddish colour. Stove evergreen trees. 

 Cuttings of half ripened shoots in sand, 

 under a bell-glass, and in heat ; lumpy 



