CAR 



[ 194] 



CAR 



C. latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 2. Purple. June 

 Spain. 1710. Marsh plants. 



macrophy'lla (large-leaved). 1. Purple. 



May. Siberia. 1824, 



prate' nsis (meadow- Cuckoo-flower}. 1. Pur- 

 ple. April. Britain. Marsh plant. 



pie! no, (double-flowered). 1. Pur- 

 ple. April. Marsh plant. 



plefna a'lba (double-white flower- 

 ed). 1. White. April. Marsh 

 plant. 



thalictroi'des (Thalictrum-like). 1. White. 



June. Piedmont. 1818. Annual. 



trifo' lia (three-leaved). 2. White. May. 



Switzerland. 1629. 



uligino'sa (bog). 1. White. April. Tauria. 



1819. Marsh plant. 



CARDAMOM. Alpi'nia cardamo'mum 



CARDINAL FLOWER. Lobelia cardi- 

 na'lis. 



CARDOON. Cyna'ra cardu'nculus. The 

 stalks of the inner leaves, when rendered 

 tender by blanching, are used in stews, 

 soups, and salads. 



Soil and Situation. A light rich un- 

 shaded soil, dug deep, and well pulverised, 

 suits it best. 



Time and mode of Sowing. Sow at 

 the close of April, those plants raised from 

 earlier sowing being apt to run ; for a 

 late crop, a sowing may be performed in 

 June. Best practice is to sow in patches 

 of three or four, six inches apart, in rows 

 four feet apart, to be thinned finally to 

 one in each place, the weakest being re- 

 moved. If, however, they are raised in 

 a seed-bed, they will be ready for trans- 

 planting in about eight or ten weeks 

 from the time of sowing, and must be 

 set at similar distances. 



The seed must be covered about half 

 an inch. "When about a month old, thin 

 the seedlings to four inches apart, and 

 those removed may be pricked out at a 

 similar distance. When of the age suf- 

 ficient for their removal, they must be 

 taken up carefully, and the long straggling 

 leaves removed. The bed for their re- 

 ception must be dug well, and laid out in 

 trenches as for celery, or a hollow sunk 

 for each plant ; but as they are liable to 

 suffer from excessive wet, the best mode 

 is to plant on the surface, and form the 

 necessary earthing in the form of a ridge. 

 Water abundantly at the time of planting, 

 as well as subsequently, until the plants 

 are established ; and also in August, if 

 dry weather occurs, regularly every other 

 night, as this is found to prevent their 



running to seed. When advanced to 

 about eighteen inches in height, which, 

 according to the time of sowing, will be 

 in August, and thence to October, the 

 leaves must be closed together, a hay- 

 band wound round each, and then earthed 

 up like celery. It must be done on a 

 dry day. As the plants grow, use more 

 hay-bands and more earthing, until 

 blanched about two feet high. The 

 blanching is completed in about eight or 

 ten weeks. If litter is thrown over the 

 tops during severe weather, the plants 

 will continue good through the winter. 



To obtain seed. Being a native of Can - 

 dia, seed in this country seldom comes 

 to maturity ; but in dry seasons a few 

 plants may be set in a sheltered situation 

 of the April sowing, not earthed up, but 

 allowed the shelter of mats or litter in 

 frosty weather. The flowers make their 

 appearance about the beginning of July, 

 and the seed should ripen in September. 



CARDU'NCELLTJS. (The diminutive of 

 Cardunculm, the Cardoon. Nat. ord., 

 Composites [Asteraceoe]. Linn., \9-Syn- 

 genesia, \-cequalis. Allied to Carthamus). 

 Hardy herbaceous perennials, natives of 

 France. Division of the roots ; common 

 soil. 



C. miti'ssirmis (most gentle), f. Blue. June. 

 1776. 



vulga' ris (common). J. Blue. May. 1734. 



CA'RDUUS. Thistle. (From ard, the 

 Celtic word for a prickle, or sharp 

 point; referring to the spines of the 

 thistle. Nat. ord., Composites [Astera- 

 ceae]. Linn., Vd-Syngenesia, l-cequalis). 

 Notwithstanding the proverbial weedi- 

 ness of thistles, there are some hand- 

 some garden species among them. All 

 hardy. Seeds or divisions ; common soil. 



ANNUALS. 



C. a'lbidus (whitish). 2. Purple. July. Tauria. 

 1816. 



arcfbicus (Arabian), i. Purple. July. 



Arabia. 1789. 



argenta'tus (silvered). 1. Purple. July. 



Egypt. 1789. 



cine" reus (grey), 3. Purple. July. Cau- 



casus. 1818. 



clavula'tus (club-shaped). 2. Purple. July. 



Canaries. 1827. 



leucctnthus (white-flowered). 2. Purple. 



July. Spain. 1816. 



leuco'ffraphm (white-painted). 2. Purple. 



June. Italy. 1752. 



peregri'nus (diffuse 2. Purple. July. 1816. 



