OAR 



[ 196] 



CAR 



CARLI'NA. (Named after Charlemagne. 

 Nat. ord., a section of Composites [Astera- 

 cesej. Linn., 19-Syngenesia, l-^Equalis). 

 Hardy herbaceous perennials, except 

 where otherwise specified. Seeds of 

 annuals in April ; seeds and divisions of 

 perennials. The cape species requires 

 protection. Common soil. 

 C. acantUfo'lia (Acanthus-leaved). 2. White. 

 June. Carniola. 1818. 



acaiflis (stemless). |. White. June. Italy. 



1640. 



caule'scens (sub-stemmed). 1. 



White. June. Switzerland. 1819. 



aggrega'ta (clustered). 2. White. July. 



Hungary. 1804. 



Biebersteinia'na (Bieberstein's). 2. August. 



Caucasus. 1816. 



corymbo'sa (corymbose). 3. Yellow. July. 



South of Europe. 1640. 



lana'ta (woolly). 3. Purple. June. South 

 of Europe. 1683. Hardy annual. 



lyra'ta (lyre -shaped leaved}. 1. June. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1816. Green- 

 house biennial. 



racemo'sa (racemed-flowered). 3. Yellow. 



July. Spain. 1658. Hardy biennial. 



si'cula (Sicilian). 1. July. Sicily. 1827. 



Hardy biennial. 



si'mplex (singly-flowered). 1. White. 



June. Hungary. 1816. 



CARLUDO'VICA. (Named after Charles 

 IV. of Spain, and Louisa, his queen. 

 Nat. ord., Screw Pines [Pandanaceae]. 

 Linn., 21-Moncecia, 9-Polyandria). The 

 leaves of all the Screw Pines are set 

 spirally round the stem, which gives it 

 a cork-screw appearance ; hence the 

 name of this order. Stove perennials ; 

 suckers ; sandy loam. Summer temp., 

 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 55. 



EVERGREEN CLIMBERS. 



C.funi'fera (rope-bearing). 4. White. Trini- 

 dad. 1824. 



jamaice'nsis (Jamaica). 4. White. Jamaica. 

 1825. 



HERBACEOUS SHRUBS. 

 C. angwtifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 3. Greenish 

 yellow. Peru. 1818. 



latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 3. Green. July. 



Peru. 1818. 



palma'ta (hand-heaved). 3. White. July. 



Peru. 1818. 



CARMICHAE'LIA. (Named after Capt. 

 JET. Carmicliael, author of the Flora of 

 Tristan da Acunha. Nat. ord., Legu- 

 minous plants [Fabacea?]. Linn., 17- 

 Diadelphia, k-Decandria. Allied to In- 

 digofera) . Greenhouse evergreen shrub ; 

 cuttings of side-shoots, under glass, in 

 sand, in April or May ; sandy peat and 



a very little fihry loam. Summer temp., 

 55 to 65 ; winter, 40 to 45. 

 C. awtra'lis (southern). 2. Blue. June. 

 New Holland. 1800. 



CARNA'TION. (Dia'nthm caryophy'l- 

 lus). Propagation by Layers. The latter 

 end of July and beginning of August is 

 the best time for this operation. By 

 performing it thus early the layers be- 

 come rooted in time to be taken off, 

 potted, and well established before 

 winter. Having a very sharp small 

 knife, some fresh-sifted compost of light 

 loam and leaf mould in equal parts, and 

 some hooked pegs (the best are made of 

 the fronds of the common fern, or when 

 they cannotbe had, of birch or h azel twigs), 



Eroceed to dress the stem intended to be 

 tyered by trimming off the bottom leaves, 

 leaving about six on, nearest to the top. 

 Do not shorten those left on. If there 

 are more in the pot than can be con- 

 veniently layered, take the surplus ones 

 off and make pipings of them. Dress 

 all intended to be layered in one pot, 

 before any are tongued. This prevents 

 breakage and confusion. Then tongue 

 the layer ; to do which hold the first 

 layer, on one side, and with the knife 

 make an incision on the underside, just 

 below the third joint, bringing the knife 

 slanting upward through the joint, then 

 drop the knife, and with the other hand 

 take up a hooked peg, thrust the sharp 

 end into the soil, catching the layer with 

 the hooked end of the peg as it descends, 

 press it gently but firmly down to the 

 soil ; proceed with the layer next to the 

 one done, and so on all round the 

 plants, till the first pot is finished. 

 Then cover the slit joint an inch deep 

 with the compost, and proceed to the 

 next pot or plant. It is not advisable 

 to water the newly-layered plants the 

 first day, because withholding it will 

 give time for the wounds to heal a little. 

 Soil. The best compost to grow and 

 bloom carnations in is three parts loam, 

 taken from an upland pasture ; the top 

 turf four inches thick ; lay it up in a 

 heap for twelve months, turning it over 

 once a month to sweeten and pulverize, 

 and looking out diligently for the wire- 

 worm^ the grand enemy of the carnation. 

 One part, two years old cow-dung and 

 one part well - decayed vegetable mould 



