CAR 



C 199] 



CAR 



Insects. The great enemy is the wire- 

 worm, which eats away the inside of the 

 stem and destroys the plant. Search 

 for it in the soil previously to using 

 and bury there, after the plants are 

 potted in the blooming-pots, some slices 

 of potatoes. Examine these daily and 

 destroy the wireworms you may find in 

 the baits. The green flij also attacks 

 carnations, sometimes even in the frames. 

 These are easily destroyed by fumigating 

 with tobacco- smoke. When the plants 

 are blooming they sometimes appear. De- 

 stroy them then by sprinkling with Scotch 

 snuff. The red spider is often trouble- 

 some in dry springs. The best remedy 

 is washing every leaf with a small 

 sponge, repeating the operation till the 

 plants are quite cleared. 



CAROLI'NEA. Pachira. (Named after 

 Sophia Caroline, Margravine of Baden. 

 Nat. ord., Sterculiads [Sterculiaceae]. 

 Linn. , 1 6 - Monadelphia, 8 - Polyandria. 

 Allied to Adansonia). Stove trees. Cut- 

 tings of ripened wood, in sand, under a 

 bell-glass, in heat ; rich loamy soil. Sum- 

 mer temp., 60 to 85; winter 50 to 

 55. 



C. (flba (white). 20. White. July. Brazil. 

 1817. 



insi'gnis (showy). 20. Red West Indies. 



1796. 



mtnor (less). 20. Red, yellow, green. 



July. Guiana. 1798. 



pri'nceps (princely). 30. Red, yellow, 



Green. West Indies. 1787. 



CARPI'NUS. Hornbeam. (From car, the 

 Celtic for wood, and pix, a head; in refer- 

 ence to the wood being used to make the 

 yokesof oxen. Nat. cvd.,Mastworts [Cory- 

 laceae]. Linn., 5 - Pentandria, \-Mo- 

 nogynia}. C. Betulus is the only one 

 of the Hornbeams that is of much use 

 or ornament ; it is one of the best nurse 

 plants in young plantations, and for 

 making fast growing hedges. Hardy de- 

 ciduous trees. Seeds, sown when ripe, 

 or kept in dry sand, until the following 

 spring; suckers and layers for the varie- 

 ties ; layers for the common plants, but 

 they are inferior to plants raised from 

 seed. Common soil. 



C. America,' na (American). 20. North Ame- 

 rica. 1812. 



Be'tulus (common). 30. March. Britain. 



inci'sa (cut-leaved}. 15. March. 



quercifo'lia (oak-leaved). 30. May. 



Europe, 



C. Betulus variega'ta (variegated). 20. March. 



Britain. 

 au'rea-variega'ta (golden-variega- 



teA-leaved). 20. March. 1845. 

 orienta'lis (Eastern). 12. Levant. 1739. 



CARPOCA'PSA POMONE'LLA. The Cod- 

 lin Moth. 



Every grower of the apple knows how 

 liable his fruit is to be " worm-eaten." 

 He finds basketfuls of "windfalls" even 

 in the calmest weather, and that the 

 cause of the loss is a small grub, which 

 has fed upon the pulp of the fruit ; but 

 how, when, or where these grubs got 

 there he has not the slightest notion. 

 As it is one of the most injurious of in- 

 sects to one of our most useful of fruits, 

 we shall give more full particulars than 

 usual, borrowing them chiefly from Mr. 

 Westwood's essay in the Gardeners' 

 Magazine, iv. 235, N.S. The grub in 

 question is the larva of the Codlin Moth. 

 Carpocapsa pomonella of some entomolo- 

 gists, but Tinea pomonella, Pyralis po- 

 tnona, and Tortrix pomoniana of others. 

 It is upon the pulpy parts of the apple 

 that the grub chiefly feeds ; when, how- 

 ever, it has nearly attained its full size, 

 it feeds on the pips of the apple, which, 

 thus attacked in its most vital part, soon 

 falls to the ground. No sooner is the 

 apple fallen, than the grub quits the 

 fruit by the passage which it had pre- 

 viously gnawed. A hundred apples may 

 be opened, and not more than two or 

 three larvae observed within them ; the 

 orifice by which they have escaped being 

 open, and not concealed by a little mass 

 of brown grains, which is the case with 

 those apples from which the larva has not 

 made its escape. These little grains are 

 the excrement of the larv, which are 

 also to be seen in the burrows formed by 

 them within the apple. The grub is of 

 a dirty white colour, with a brown head, 

 varied with darkish brown marks. The 



