ESC 



[ 373 ] 



EUC 



E. compu'cta (compact). 1. August. Cali- 

 fornia. 1833. 



cro'cea (saffron-coloured). 1. August. Cali- 

 fornia. 1833. 



fumaria-fo'lia (Fumaria-leaved). September. 

 Mexico. 1827. 



ESPALIERS. A terra used to express 

 modes of training fruit-trees on rails of 

 iron or wood, as bordering to the walks 

 of kitchen-gardens, wherehy the mar- 

 gins are rendered more ornamental, and 

 the walls are relieved of many trees 

 too tender to withstand the ordinary 

 rigours of our climate. The forms of 

 these trellises vary much ; some are 

 placed perpendicularly, others horizon- 

 tal, and others, again, in a curved or 

 saddle-like form, with various other 

 shapes which the fancy of the owner, , 

 or the peculiar situation, may dictate. | 

 These rails are generally placed within 

 a few feet of the garden walk, having, 

 also, another walk or alley at the hack, 

 in order to facilitate operations. Es- 

 paliers being nearer to the ground than 

 ordinary standards, we need hardly say 

 that in such a position they are warmer. 

 The mode of training tends to check 

 exuberance of growth, which is of some 

 service in a dwarfing and, by conse- 

 quence, an early fruiting system. The 

 trees are completely within reach for 

 stopping, and various other manipula- 

 tions, which, on standards, require lad- 

 ders and other cumbrous machines. 

 Again, a much greater collection of 

 fruits may be cultivated, in any garden, 

 by an espalier system, than by the or- 

 dinary course of culture. The espalier 

 system can be rendered conducive to 

 the greatest amount of produce, as well 

 as to the most ornamental appearance. 

 Form of Trellis. This is very mate- 

 rial. There are fruits which must have 

 sunshine to perfect them, yet will suc- 

 ceed with a moderate share. There 

 are others which will succeed in what 

 is commonly termed a northern aspect ; 

 such are adapted for the northern side 

 of trellises, which run east and west. 

 Again, others must have a full exposiire 

 to the sun. Kitchen-gardens are mostly 

 rectangular, and if most or all of the 

 margins be appropriated to trellises, 

 there will be a great difference between 

 those which run north and south and 

 east and west, To avoid over-shadow- 



ing, we think that what have been 

 termed Table Trellises, that is, those 

 which present a flat surface, parallel to 

 the horizon, at about a foot or half a 

 yard from the ground, are by far the 

 best for the majority of fruits. 



Perpendicular Rails are, however, 

 very well adapted for many of our 

 fruits, and if iron is not used, a very 

 nice, but somewhat perishable struc- 

 ture, may be formed by means of wood. 

 Permanent stakes of oak, larch, <fcc., 

 may be driven at from two to three 

 feet apart perpendicularly, and tempo- 

 rary stakes driven as wanted between 

 them, of more perishable material. The 

 temporary, or intervening stakes are to 

 be moveable at pleasure, and when the 

 trees acquire a strong fabric, may be 

 entirely dispensed with. 



The Strained-wire Rail is, however, 

 much superior, and will, doubtless, 

 prove most economical in the end. 

 Such, well-constructed, with stone bases 

 to the iron uprights, would endure a cen- 

 tury, and are, at least, particularly to be 

 recommended for trees of slender wood. 

 As for perpendicular iron treillage, an 

 ordinary field hurdle will give a pretty 

 good idea; the distance between the 

 rails being, of course, ruled by the 

 mode of growth of the tree. 



With regard to Arched or Saddle 

 Trellisses, we would speak with some 

 caution. Running north and south, and 

 occupied with trees properly adapted, 

 they will doubtless succeed, and they 

 are assuredly ornamental. 



Gooseberries and currants we have 

 found conveniently trainable to a cheap 

 trellis of this form 



It is not the least advantage attendant 

 upon this mode of training, that the 

 fruit is easily covered and protected. 



ETIOLATION. The same as JBlanchint/. 



EUCALY'PTUS. Gum Tree. (From 

 eu, good, and kalypto, covering ; refer- 

 ring to the flower envelope, or calyx, 

 which covers the flower and falls oft' 

 like ft cap, Nat. ord., Myrtlettooms 



