FLU 



FOE 



using Valencia slates in the place of 

 bricks, yet flues under few circumstances 

 can compare with either the pipe or 

 tank system of hot water heating. When 

 flues are employed, they are constructed 

 inside and near the walls of the build- 

 ing; each flue eight or nine inches 

 wide in the clear, by two or three bricks 

 on edge deep, ranged horizontally one 

 over the other the whole length of the 

 back wall, in three or four returns com- 

 municating with each other, continued 

 also along the end and front walls in 

 one or two ranges, to be used occasion- 

 ally; furnished with a regulator to slide 

 open and shut as required, the whole 

 proceeding from the first lowermost 

 flue, which communicates immediately 

 from the furnace or fire-place behind 

 either the back wall at one end, or in 

 the back part of the end walls; or if 

 very long stoves, of more than forty 

 feet length, two fire-places are requisite, 

 one at each end ; each having its set of 

 flues ranging half-way ; each set of 

 flues terminating in an upright chimney 

 at the end of the back outside. Flues 

 are merely chimneys horizontal, instead 

 of being merely upright, terminating, 

 however, generally in an upright tube 

 or shaft, which discharges their con- 

 tents into the open air. They are most 

 effectual when they traverse the ends 

 and the front of the house; as if the 

 back wall is a solid material, there can 

 be less danger of cold there. Arrange- 

 ments must be made for a good draught, 

 by having the bottom of the furnace 

 two feet below the level of the bottom 

 of the flue The flue should, after en- 

 tering the house, rise a little to the 

 extreme end. It should stand a little 

 raised above the floor, and never be 

 placed below it, unless when well sup- 

 plied with air by cross drains. It should 

 be constructed of the best brick and 

 tiles, be plastered over if a strong equal 

 heat is necessary, and merely white- 

 washed if a heat is only wanted occa- 

 sionally. Evaporating basins should 

 be secured, so that the atmosphere be 

 supplied with moisture as well as heat. 

 See Stove. 



FLUED WALT,. See Wall. 



FLY. See Black Fly. 



FLY-WORT. Mya'nthus. 



FGE'TIDA. (From fcetidm, fetid ; re- 

 ferring to the unpleasant smell of the 

 leaves and wood. Nat. ord., Barriu</- 

 loniads [Barringtoniacese]. Linn., 12- 

 Icosandrla 3-Polygynia. Allied to Gus- 

 tavia.) 



Cuttings of ripe wood, with the leaves re- 

 maining, in sand, in spring, under a bell-glass, 

 and in heat ; fibry loam and turfy peat, with 

 silver sand. Summer temp., 60 to 75 ; win- 

 ter, 48 to 55. 



F. Mauritia'na (Mauritius). 26. White. Mau- 

 ritius. 1825. 



FOGGING-OFF. The same as dampinq- 

 off* 



FOLLICLE, a seed-vessel of one entire 

 piece, and one-celled, bursting length- 

 wise, and having the seed on or near 

 its edges, on a receptacle parallel with 

 it. Examples are the seed-vessels of 

 the Perriwinkle and Poaony. 



FONTANE'SIA. (In honour of the 

 French botanist, Des Fontaines. Nat. 

 ord., Oliveworts [Oleaceffi]. Linn., 2- 

 Diandria 1-Monoyynia. Allied to 

 Lilac.) 



Grafted standard high on the Manna Ash 

 (Ornus) it would make an interesting object on 

 lawns. It resembles the common Privet, but 

 with rough bark. Layers, and cuttings under 

 a hand-glass in autumn, and by grafting on the 

 Privet. When grown to a single stem it has a 

 graceful appearance, owing to its slender droop- 

 ing branches. 



F.j9A%roi'des(Phillyrea-like). 12. Yellow. 

 August. Syria. 1787- 



FORCING is compelling culinary vege- 

 tables to be edible, flowers to bloom, and 

 fruits to ripen, at unnatural seasons, 

 being the very contrary of the object 

 for which our greenhouses and hot- 

 houses are constructed ; viz. to secure 

 a temperature in which their tenants 

 will be in perfection at their natural 

 seasons. Under the heads of Hotbeds, 

 and of each particular plant, will be 

 found directions for forcing, and it will 

 be sufficient here to coincide with Dr. 

 Lindley in saying, that as forced flowers 

 are always less beautiful and less fra- 

 grant ; and forced vegetables and fruits 

 less palatable and less nutritious than 

 those perfected at their natural periods 

 it is desirable, at the very least, to 

 devote as much effort and expence to 

 obtain superior produce at accustomed 

 times, as to the procuring it unseason- 



