FOT 



[ 390 ] 



FRA 



FOTHERGI'LLA. (Named after Dr. 

 Fotherglll. Nat. ord., Witch Hazeh 

 [Hamamelidacene]. Linn., IS-Icosan- 

 dria 2- 



1765. 

 June. 



Hardy little shrubs from North America, 

 their white, sweet-scented flowers, appearing 

 before the leaves. Seeds, which frequently 

 ripen in this country, sown in spring:, in a peat 

 border, or in pans, and transplanted ; layers in 

 March and August ; sandy moist peat. 

 F. alnifo'lla (Alder-leaved). 4. May. 

 -- acu'ta (^cute-leaved). 4. 



1765. 



-- ma'jor (larger), 4. May. 1/65. 

 -- obtu'sa (blunt-leaved). 4. June. 



1765. 

 -- sero'tina (late-flowering). 4. Au- 



gust. 1/65. 



FOUNTAINS, or, as they are sometimes 

 called, Jets d'eau, surprise by their 

 novelty, and the surprise is propor- 

 tioned to the height to which they 

 throw the water ; but these perpendi- 

 cular columns of water have 110 pre- 

 tence to beauty. The Emperor foun- 

 tain at Chatsworth is the most sur- 

 prising in the world, for it tosses its 

 waters to a height of U67 feet, impelled 

 by a fall from a reservoir 881 feet 

 above the ajutage, or mouth of the 

 pipe from which it rushes into the air. 

 The supply of water, either naturally 

 or artificially, is brought from a higher 

 level than the discharging pipe ; but 

 the water will not rise so high as the 

 level from whence it came, which is 

 owing to the resistance of the air at 

 the discharging point, its own gravity, 

 and the friction of the sides of the 

 pipe in which it is conveyed. What- 

 ever be the form in which the water is 

 discharged, if it is designed to throw it 

 up in a perpendicular direction, the 

 pipe must be so narrowed where the 

 water issues out as not to be above 

 ^one-fourth the diameter of the con- 

 ducting pipe. 



FOURCRO'YA. (Named after M. 

 Fotircroy, a celebrated chemist. Nat. 

 ord., AmarylUds [ Amaryllidacene]. 

 Linn., 6-Hexandria 1-Monoyynia. Al- 

 lied to Littsea.) 



Amaryllids reach their maximum grandeur in 

 Fourcroya longa-na, whose flower-stem rises to 

 40 feet, whilst that of F. gigantca does not 

 exceed that of a moderate-sized Agave, and 

 both would thrive in the open air with us in 

 summer. There are only two species intro- 

 duced ; the following synonymes belong to F. 

 gigantca fvtida, txberosa, Cul/ensis, rigida, 



Aust rails t Madagascariensis, and Cantata. 



They are increased by imported seeds or by 



suckers. 



F. giga'ntea (gigantic). 20. Green. August. 



South America. 1690. 

 longce'va (long-lived). 40. White. May 



Mexico. 1833. 



FOX-BANE. Aconi'tum vulpa'ria. 



FOXGLOVE. Diyita'lis. 



FRACTURES. If an immaterial branch 

 is broken, it is best to remove it en- 

 tirely, but it sometimes happens that 

 a stem or branch which cannot be re- 

 placed, is thus injured, in which case 

 it is advisable to attempt a reduction 

 of the fracture ; and if it be only partial, 

 and the stem or branch but small, the 

 parts will again unite by being put back 

 into their natural position, and well 

 propped up. The cure may be expected 

 not to succeed if the fracture is accom- 

 panied with contusion, or if the stem 

 or branch is large. And even where it 

 succeeds, the woody fibres do not con- 

 tribute to the union ; but the granular 

 and herbaceous substance only which 

 exudes from between the wood and 

 liber, insinuating itself into all inter 

 stices, and finally becoming indurated 

 in the wood. Splints extending at least 

 a foot above and below the fracture, 

 should be bound very firmly all round, 

 and a plaster of grafting-clay to exclude 

 wet be placed over all ; and every pre- 

 caution adopted to prevent the surfaces 

 of the wound being moved by the force 

 of the wind. 



FRAGA'RTA. The Strawberry. (From 

 fragrans, perfumed ; in reference to the 

 flavour of the fruit. Nat. ord., Rose- 

 worts [Rosacese]. Linn., 12-Icosandria 

 l-Monogynia.) 



Hardy evergreens. Seeds, sown early in a 

 slight hotbed, and planted out early, will in 

 many cases produce fruit in the autumn of the 

 same season. Plants are most easily obtained 

 by detaching the runners. Deep loam suits 

 them. See Strawberry. 



F. Bonarie'nsis (Buenos Ayres). 2. Apetal. 

 June. Buenos Ayres. 



Bresli'ngii (Bresling). 1, White. May. 



France. 



calyci'na (fcwg-e-calyxed). 1. White. April. 



France. 



Canude'nsis (Canadian), ij. White. May. 



North America. 



Clnle'nsis (Chili). . White. May. South 



America. 1727. 



T- colli'na (hill. Green Pine'}. 1. White. June. 

 Germany. 1768. 



