GRA 



[ 438 ] 



GRA 



trees such may be used when two or | 

 three inches diameter. When strongly 

 bound they may be soiled over head, 

 merely leaving a hole for the bud of 

 the scion to come through, which in 

 this case will rise like a sucker. 



8. PEG GRAFTING. This mode is 

 now never practised in 

 England, and we only 

 insert the annexed en- 

 graving, because it com- 

 pletes our catalogue of all 

 the known modes. Of 

 these eight modes there 

 are many modifications, 

 but they are all derived 

 from the eight enumerated. 

 Peg grafting never hav- 

 ing been practised by our- 

 selves, we shall only make 

 this extract relative to it : " The scion 

 must be of the exact size of the stock ; 

 bore a hole into the centre of the stock, 

 one and a half inch deep; cut the 

 bottom of the scion to fit; the edges 

 of the barks must be very smooth, and 

 fit exactly." 



GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. For ordi- 

 nary garden purposes, we think the 

 whip, the cleft, the saddle, and the 

 crown, the most eligible modes by far. 

 These may be said to be the rule, the 

 others are merely exceptional cases. 



In all these proceedings a few axioms 

 or main principles must be kept steadily 

 in view ; of such are the following : 



1st. The scions of deciduous trees 

 should be taken from the parent tree 

 some weeks before the grafting season, 

 and " heeled " (the lower ends put into 

 the soil) in some cool and shady place ; 

 this causes the stock to be a little in 

 advance of the graft, as to the rising of 

 the sap, a condition admitted on all 

 hands to be essential. 



2nd. Let all the processes be per- 

 formed with a very clean and exceed- 

 ingly sharp knife, taking care that no- 

 thing, such as dirt or chips, gets be- 

 tween the scion and the stock. 



3rd. Let the bandage be applied 

 equally and firmly ; not so tight, how- 

 ever, as to cut or bruise the bark. For 

 this reason, broad strands of bast are 

 exceedingly eligible. 



4th. In selecting grafts be careful in 



choosing the wood, avoiding, on the 

 one hand, exb.au.sted or bad-barked 

 scions, and, on the other, the imma- 

 ture, watery spray which frequently 

 springs from the old trunks of ex- 

 hausted or diseased trees. 



GRAFTING CLAY, to make. Take 

 some strong and adhesive loam, ap- 

 proaching to a clayey character, arid 

 beat and knead it until of the consist- 

 ence, of soft-soap. Take also some 

 horse droppings, and rub them through 

 a riddle, of half inch mesh, until tho- 

 roughly divided. Get some cow manure, 

 the fresher the better, and mix about 

 equal parts of the three ; kneading and 

 mixing them until perfectly and uni- 

 formly mixed; some persons add a 

 little road scrapings to the mass. A 

 vessel with very finely riddled ashes 

 must be kept by the side of the grafter, 

 and after the clay is closed round the 

 scion the hands should be dipped in 

 the ashes ; this enables the person who 

 applies the clay to close the whole with 

 a perfect finish. It must be so closed 

 as that no air can possibly enter ; and 

 it is well to go over the whole in three 

 or four days afterwards, when, if any 

 have rifted or cracked, they may be 

 closed finally. 



GRAFTING WAX. The following re- 

 cipe lias been recommended by a first- 

 rate authority. Take common sealing- 

 wax, any colour but green, one part ; 

 mutton fat, one part ; white wax, one 

 part ; and honey, one-eighth part. The 

 white wax and the fat are to be first 

 melted, and then the sealing wax is to 

 be added gradually, in small pieces, the 

 mixture being kept constantly stirred ; 

 and, lastly, the honey must be put in 

 just before taking it off' the fire. It 

 should be poured hot into paper or tin 

 moulds, to preserve for use as wanted, 

 and be kept slightly stirred till it begins 

 to harden. 



GRAINS OF PARADISE. Amo'mum 

 gra'na-paradi'si. 



GRAMMA'NTHES. (From yramma, 

 writing, and anthos, a flower; marks 

 like V being on the corolla. Nat. ord., 

 Hmiseleclts [Crassulacenc]. Linn., 5- 

 Penlandria Q-JPentaOy'ti in. 



Greenhouse annuals from the Cape of Good 

 Hope. Sow thinly in pots, well drained ; lime 



