IBE 



[ 505 ] 



ICE 



mer. 7. semperuirens may be taken as a type ' 

 of this group, and whether in a clump, by the 

 side of borders, or hanging over knolls and 

 rockworks, its masses of white flowers are really 

 beautiful. 



HARDY ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS. 



I. cilia'ta (hair-fringed-feawerf). 3- June. Pro- | 

 vence. 1802. Biennial. 



corona'ria (crown-cowering). 1. July. 1836. 1 



interme'dia (intermediate). 1. June. France, i 



1823. Biennial. 



odora'ta (sweet-scented). 1. June. Crete, j 



1806. 



Tau'rica (Taurian). %. May, Caucasus. 1802. 



Biennial. 



umbella'ta (umbelled). 1. Purple. June. 



South Europe. 1596. 



mola'cea (violet). \. Purple. June. 1782. 



Virgi'nicn( Virginian). June. North America. 



1836. 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREEN. 



I. Gibraltn'rica (Gibraltar). 1. Whitish pink. 

 May. Gibraltar* 1 732. 



HARDY EVERGREENS. 



1, confe'rta (crowded). . June. Spain. 182/. 

 - contra'cta (contracted). . May. Spain. 1824. 

 *- corifo'lia (Coris-leaved). * June. South 

 Europe. 173Q. 



Garrea'ia'na (Garrex's). . May. Piedmont. 



1820. 

 -*- pube'scens (downy). . Pale violet. June. 



pu'mila (dwarf). May. Sicily. 1828. 



saxa'tilis (rock). #. May. South Europe. 



1739. 



semperflo'rens (ever- flowering). l. May. 



Sicily. 1679. 



semper vi'rens (evergreen), f. May, Candia. 



1731. 



HARDY HERBACEOUS. 



J. Tenorea'na (Tenore's). . Pale purple. June. 

 Naples. 1802. 



ICE. Mr. Beaton finds that the 

 cheapest and most effectual mode of 

 preserving this, is in what he terms an 

 Iceberg, and it is thus constructed : 

 Choose a natural hollow for the site 

 of the iceberg, where the bank on one 

 side is steep ; and let the outside of the 

 cone when it is finished be at six feet 

 from the bottom of the bank. Some 

 such space is necessary between the 

 bank and the ice, to get rid of any rain 

 or snow-water that may run down the 

 bank before it gets to the ice. At the 

 bottom of the bank, and half way up, 

 pots are to be let into the ground in 

 pairs, four feet apart, and braced to- 

 gether with a strong piece of timber 

 set across, as builders do their scaf- 

 folding ; let planks for wheeling on be 

 made into a long trough, inclining from 



the top of the bank, and resting on 

 those cross pieces ; the bottom of the 

 trough being earned out to near the 

 intended centre of the cone, and far 

 above it ; and the ice should be broken 

 on a platform of boards at the top of 

 the bank, and poured down the inclined 

 trough. The broken ice should be 

 spread a little by some one as it falls 

 from the spout, care being taken that 

 the cone is brought up regularly ; and 

 when the ice reaches the height of the 

 bottom of the spout, the planks are to 

 be re-arranged so as to allow room for 

 throwing off the ice as fast as it comes 

 down ; and, finally, when the cone is 

 finished into a sharp point, the whole 

 must be left till t\\Q first frost after mild 

 or thawing weather; the outside of 

 the iceberg has then melted a little, 

 but on the first hard frosty night the 

 whole is frozen over again, and the 

 outside of the cone is then as if it were 

 one solid face of rugged ice, and now 

 is the time to thatch it entirely over 

 with good long straw, about the same 

 thickness as you would a wheat or bar- 

 ley stack, and no more, provided you 

 have cheaper materials to give it a 

 good thick covering afterwards. At 

 Shrubland Park they use large quan- 

 tities of leaves, and nothing 1 else, over 

 the straw ; these are thrown on at 

 intervals, so that the leaves do not heat 

 by putting too many on at once. The 

 depth of covering over the straw is 

 sometimes twice as much as in other 

 seasons, according to the quantity of 

 leaves on hand, but two feet in thick- 

 ness does not preserve the ice better 

 than one foot. The ice is never unco- 

 vered by high winds blowing off the 

 leaves, though nothing is put upon 

 them to keep them clown. 



Perfect exemption from wet or damp 

 is necessary for the bottom of an iceberg ; 

 and a few pieces of rough wood, placed 

 on such a place, and covered with brush- 

 wood about a foot, and that again 

 covered with six inches of straw is 

 sufficient. The brushwood and straw 

 are soon compressed into a few inches 

 by the weight of the ice ; and as the 

 ice melts, the water passes through, 

 without hindrance, into cross open 

 drains at -bottom. When ice is re- 



