PEA 



[ 690 ] 



PEA 



of course, must be given also, as the 

 dryness of the soil and appearance of 

 the trees indicate is necessary. 



Standards. In Essex we have grown 

 the peach successfully, both as a stand- 

 ard and as an espalier, in a garden 

 sloping to the south, and well protected 

 from the east and strong westerly winds. 

 PEAR. (Py'rus commu'nis.) 

 Superior dessert kinds, arranged in 

 tJie order of ripening. 1, Citron des 

 Carmes ; 2, Jargonelle ; 3, Delice d' 

 Hardenpont; 4, Dunmore ; 5, Marie 

 Louise ; 6, Louis Bonne of Jersey ; 



7, Fondante d'Automne ; 8, Beurre 

 d'Amalis; 0, Beurre Diel; 10, Al- 

 thorpe Crassanne ; 11, Winter Nelis ; 

 12, Passe Colmar ; ] 3, Hacon's Incom- 

 parable ; 14, Thompson's ; 15, Knight's 

 Monarch; 16, Glout Morceau; 17, 

 Beurre d'Aremberg ; 18, Easter Beurre; 

 19, Soldat Laboureur; 20, Josephine 

 de M alines ; 21, Ne plus Meuris; 22, 

 Beurre Kance. 



Kitchen Pears in the order of their 

 ripening. 1, Bezi d'Heri ; 2, Summer 

 Compote ; 3, Catillac ; 4, Bellissime 

 d'Hiver ; 5, Uvedale's St. Germain. 



Useful and profitable orchard Pears. 

 1, Beurre d'Capiaumont ; 2, Beurre 

 Diel ; 3, Louis Bonne of Jersey, Wil- 

 liams's Bon" Chretien ; 4, Jargonelle ; 

 5,Swan's-egg; 6, Moorfowl's-egg. Those 

 living north and south of the centre of 

 England must make allowance accord- 

 ingly. 



Of dessert Pears, Nos. 1, 2, 8, 4, 6, 



8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, will succeed 

 well, if necessary, as espaliers, pyra- 

 mids, &c. that is to say, they will do 

 very well without a wall. Of course, the 

 orchard pears may be added to this 

 section, if necessary. Nos. ft, 11, 12, 

 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, should have a 

 wall, if possible. Nos, 11, 12, 17, 21, 

 deserve a south aspect. 



Propagation. Grafting is the usual 

 mode, and for this purpose two distinct 

 kinds of stocks are used the one 

 called the free stock, or wild seedlings, 

 the other the quince. The first is the 

 most proper for the orchard pear, as 

 this produces much larger trees : the 

 latter is best adapted, in general, for 

 espaliers, walls, and pyramidal trees in 



Budding is done precisely as for 

 other fruits, and for the same pur- 

 poses as grafting. By this course, 

 however, one year, or nearly so, may be 

 considered as lost, in point of time. 



See d is resorted to, either to produce 

 stocks, or to raise new kinds. The 

 seeds should be washed from the pulp 

 when the fruit is fully ripe, dried and 

 preserved as other seeds, and sown in 

 the February following. Care must be 

 taken to preserve the seed from mice 

 whilst germinating. Those who wish 

 to expedite the process, for the sake of 

 gaining time, with fancy seedlings, may 

 sow and rear the young plants in a 

 moderate bottom-warmth, sowing in 

 January or February, potting off the 

 plants when up, and hardening them 

 off by the beginning of June, when 

 they may be planted out in a warm 

 spot. The best way to prove such 

 seedlings is to graft them on a good 

 bearing old tree, on a quince stock, if 

 possible ; they will thus fruit in half 

 the time. Our nurserymen, who rear 

 immense quantities for stocks, bury the 

 pears in a pit in autumn, and take 

 them up in the February following to 

 sow, mixing abundance of sand with 

 the mass, to separate the seeds from 

 the pulp ; the whole is then sown to- 

 gether. 



Soil. The pear delights in a sound 

 loam, rather inclining to clayey than 

 sandy. It will, however, grow freely in 

 sandy loams, but the fruit is very apt 

 to crack, or become otherwise disfi- 

 gured, through their impatience of 

 drought. Any ordinary soil of a sound 

 texture will do for their culture; and 

 if what is termed "in good heart," no 

 manures are necessary. For standard 

 trees in orchards, the soil should be at 

 least two feet deep ; but for espaliers, 

 walls, pyramids, &c., half a yard may 

 suffice, if sound. A dry subsoil is 

 particularly necessary, especially for 

 garden pears. 



Culture during the growing period. 

 The chief point is to keep down watery 

 spray, which is generally produced in 

 abundance. Caution must be exer- 

 cised in not doing this too early, or the 

 embryo blossom-buds may be driven 

 into growth. Our practice is to com- 



