PON 



[ 735 ] 



PON 



sides. Puddling is necessary in almost 

 all instances, and the mode of proceed- 

 ing is thus detailed by Mr. Marnock, in 

 the United Gardeners' Journal. "When 

 the excavation is formed, or partially 

 so, the hottom puddle near the outer 

 edge is formed, and upon this is raised 

 the upright or side puddle ; and as 

 this proceeds the ordinary clay or earth 

 is raised at the same time, hy which 

 means the upright puddle is retained in 

 its place ; and ultimately the sides, being 

 formed in a sloping direction, admit of 

 being covered with gravel or sand, and 

 may be walked upon, or stakes may be 

 driven to a considerable depth without 

 reaching the puddle or in any way in- 

 juring it ; this can never be the case if 

 the puddle, as is sometimes done, be 

 laid upon the sloping side of the pond. 

 The sides may slope rapidly, or the 

 reverse. If the slope be considerable, 

 sand or gravel, to give a clean appear- 

 ance, will be more likely to be retained 

 upon the facing; plants can be more 

 easily fixed and cultivated ; gold-fish, 

 also, find in these shallow gravelly parts 

 under the leaves of the plants suitable 

 places to deposit their spawn, and with- 

 out this they are seldom found to breed. 

 Ponds made in this way may be of any 

 convenient size, from a couple of yards 

 upwards to as many acres. The follow- 

 ing is the section of a pond thus formed : 



a indicates the surface of the ground at 

 the edge of the water ; b, the puddle ; 

 r, the facing to preserve the puddle 

 from injury ; d, the water ; e, the sur- 

 face of the latter; and/, the ordinary 

 bottom. When a small pond of this 

 kind is to be made, and the extent of 

 the surface is determined upon and 

 marked out, it will then be necessary to 

 form a second or outer mark, indicating 

 the space required for the wall or side 

 puddle, and about three feet is the 

 proper space to allow for this the 

 puddle requiring about two feet, and 



the facing which requires to be laid 

 upon the puddle ought to be about a 

 foot more, making together three feet. 

 Ponds may be made very ornamental. 



PONGA'MIA. (Pongam, its Malabar 

 name. Nat. ord., Leyuminous Plant K 

 [Fabacese]. Linn., 17 -DiadelpMa 4- 

 Decandria. Allied to Dalbergia.) 



Stove evergreen shrubs and climbers 5 all but 

 one white-flowered, and from the East Indies. 

 For culture see Dalbergia. 



P. gla'bra (smooth-teawedl. 5. 1699. 



grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). 6. 1818. 



margina'ta (bordered). 3. Yellow. May. 



1824. Twiner. 



Pisci'dia (Piscidia-KAre). 1818. 



uligino'na (marsh). W.Indies. 1824. Twiner. 



PONTIA. A genus of butterflies, of 

 which the following one is most ob- 

 noxious to the gardener : 



P. brassicce. Large White Cabbage 

 Butterfly. The wings are white ; the 

 upper with broad black tips, and the 

 female has two black spots on the 

 middle. The under side of the under 

 wings is light yellow. Breadth, when 

 expanded, two inches. It appears 

 from May to October. The caterpillar 

 is bluish-green, thinly haired, and 

 sprinkled with black dots, having a 

 yellow stripe on the back, and the same 

 on the sides. These caterpillars are 

 found, throughout the summer and 

 autumn, on all the cabbage-worts, on 

 horse-radish, radishes, mustard, and 

 similar plants, as well as on water- 

 cresses. The pupae are yellowish-green, 

 with black dots, with a point on the 

 head, and five on the back. The best 

 way to destroy them is picking off and 

 killing the caterpillars, as well as the 

 pupae, as far as it is possible ; the latter 

 are found attached to adjacent trees, 

 hedges, and walls. But care must be 

 taken not to destroy those pupa? which 

 have a brown appearance ; because they 

 are full of the larvae of ichneumons, 

 and other allied parasites, which are 

 the great scourge of these caterpillars. 



P. rap<e. Small White Cabbage But- 

 j terfly. This butterfly resembles the 

 ; foregoing, but is one-half smaller ; and 

 I the black tinge at the points of the 

 ! upper wings is fainter, and not visible 

 j on the outer edge. The time of appear- 

 i ance is the same as of the former. The 

 | caterpillar is of a dull green, with fine 



