QUI 



C 



rooted by nest autumn; tlieu trans- 

 plant into nursery rows two feet asun- 

 der ; plant the suckers also at the 

 same distance, and train the whole for 

 the purposes intended ; if for standards 

 with a stem, to any desired height, 

 from three to six feet ; then encourage 

 them to branch out at top, to form a 

 head; and those designed as dwarfs 

 must be headed near the ground, and 

 trained accordingly, for espaliers or 

 dwarf standards. 



When they have formed tolerable 

 heads, plant them out finally. Standard 

 quinces, designed as fruit-trees, may 

 be stationed in the garden or orchard, 

 and some by the sides of any water in 

 bye places, sufieriug the whole to take 

 their own natural growth. And as es- 

 paliers, they may be arranged Avith 

 other moderate-growing trees, about 

 fifteen feet apart. For other particu- 

 lars of culture, see Pear. 



QUILLA'JA. (From quillai, the Chilian 

 name. Nat. ord., Roseworts [Rosaces;]. 

 Linn., IQ-Decandria -Pentayynia. Al- 

 lied to Kageneckia.) 



Hardy evergreen shrub, the bark of which is 

 used instead of soap. Cuttings of ripened 

 shoots, in sandy loam, under a handlight, and 

 very likely by layers ; sandy deep loam, and a 

 sheltered place. 



Q. sapona'ria (soap). White. April. Chili. 

 1832. 



QUINA, QUINQUINA, or QUINO. Cin- 

 rho'na. 



QUINCUNX is the form resulting from 

 planting in rows, with one plant oppo- 

 site the centre of each vacancy between 

 two plants in the row on each side of 

 it, as in this diagram 



QUISQUA'LIS. (From quis, who, and 

 qualis, what kind; when first named it 

 was doubtful to which class and order 

 to refer it. Nat. ord., Myrobalans 

 [Combretaceas]. Linn., W-Dccandria 

 \-Monofjynia. Allied to Combretum.) 



Stove climbers. Cuttings of the young shoots 

 when several inches in length, after the plant 

 has been stumped in after-flowering, taking the 

 cuttings off with a heel, and inserting them in 

 sand, under a bell-glass, and in bottoin-hcat ; 



il ] RAD 



peat and loam, but most of the latter. Winter 

 temp., 43 to 50; summer, 60 to 88. 

 1 Q. gla'bra (smooth). 20. Java. 1815. 

 j I'ndica (Indian). 20. Orange, red. June. 



Java. 1815. 



: pube'scens (downy). 20. Orange, red. Guinea. 

 ; sine'nsis (Chinese). 10. Rose. July. Can- 

 ton. 1841. 

 i villo'sa (shaggy). Pegu. 1818. 



QUIVI'SIA. (Bois de Quivi, of the 

 ! Isle of France. Nat. ord., Meliads 

 '' [Meliaceaa]. Linn., IQ-Dccandria 1- 

 | Monogynia. Allied to Melia.) 



Stove evergreen tree. Cuttings of ripened 

 shoots, in sand, under a glass, and in a brisk 

 bottom-heat ; sandy loam and fibry peat. Win- 

 j ter temp., 48 to 55 ; summer, 60 5 to 85. 

 ! Q. hetevophy'lla (various-leaved). 16. White. 

 Isle of France. 1822. 



R. 



RACEME, a cluster. This is formed 

 of numerous, rather distant flowers, 

 each on its own stalk, but growing out 

 of one central stalk, as in a bunch of 

 currants. 



RADISH. Rapha'nus sati'vus. 

 Spring Varieties. Long-rooted : Long 

 White ; called also the White Transpa- 

 rent, White Italian, and Naples Radish. 

 White Russian. Twisted Radish of 

 ( Mons; Semi-long Scarlet; Rose-co- 

 i loured Semi-long. Scarlet, or Salmon, 

 ! or Scarlet-transparent Radish. Purple, 

 formerly called exclusively the Short- 

 topped. Red-necked White. 



Turnip-rooted: White Turnip. Early 

 White Turnip. Pink, Rose-coloured, 

 Scarlet and Crimson Turnip. Purple 

 Turnip. Yellow Turnip. New Yellow- 

 short-topped. 



Autumn and Winter Varieties. These 



are all of the turnip-rooted kind, arid 



! are in the order they follow in coming 



I into use: Yellow Turnip. Round 



Brown, White Spanish. Oblong Brown. 



Black Spanish. Large Purple, Winter 



I or Purple Spanish. 



The soil, a light loam, and moderately 



fertile, should be dug a full spade deep, 



and well pulverized. Manures should 



not be applied at the time of sowing. 



The situation should always be open, 



j but for early and late crops warm and 



! sheltered. 



t Sowing. For the earliest produc- 

 tions, during December, January, and 



