BAD 



EAD 



February, in a hotbed; and in the open 

 ground once a month during winter, 

 and every fortnight during the other 

 seasons of the year. 



In the open ground the seed is gene- 

 rally sown broadcast, and well raked j 

 in, but in drills is much the most pre- j 

 ferable mode; in either case it must I 

 be inserted thin, and buried a quarter- \ 

 of-an-inch deep ; thick sowing causes 

 the tops to be large, and the roots 

 sticky. 



If broadcast, the beds should be laid 

 out four or five feet wide, divided by 

 alleys a foot in width, the earth from 

 which may be thrown out to raise the 

 beds. If drills are employed for the 

 long-rooted, they are required to be 

 three inches asunder, for the turnip- 

 rooted four or five, and for the Spanish, 

 &c., six or eight. 



When the seedlings are well up, and 

 advanced to five or six leaves, they are 

 ready for thinning ; the spindle-rooted 

 to three inches apart, the turnip -rooted 

 to four, and the larger varieties to six. 

 The spaces, however, require to be 

 rather increased in moist warm wea- 

 ther. In dry weather, they ought to 

 be watered regularly every night. The 

 early and late crops that have to with- 

 stand the attacks of frost, &c., should be 

 kept constantly covered with dry straw or 

 fern, to the depth of about two inches, 

 or with matting, supported by hooping, 

 until the plants make their appearance, 

 when the covering must be removed 

 every mild day, but renewed towards 

 evening, and constantly during frosty 

 or tempestuous weather. 



The bed should have a good water- 

 ing the morning before that on which 

 they are taken up, but none afterwards 

 until subsequent to the drawing. 



To draw for Salads whilst with their 

 seed leaves, sowings must be made 

 once a week. The management is pre- 

 cisely that required for rape, mustard, 

 &c. 



To obtain Seed, leave in April, or early 

 May, some of the most perfect plants 

 of a main crop. When in full vigour, 

 they must be taken up with as little 

 injury as possible to the roots and 

 leaves, and planted in rows, three feet 

 asunder each way, being inserted by 



the dibble completely down to the 

 leaves. Water must be applied until 

 they have taken root, and occasionally 

 throughout their growth, especially 

 when in flower. If practicable, it is 

 best to leave some plants where raised. 



To obtain seeds of the Black Spanish, 

 some seeds must be sown in March, or 

 some of the winter-standing crop left 

 or transplanted during that month. 

 The pods must be cut as soon as they 

 become of a brown hue, and well dried. 



Two varieties must never be raised 

 near each other, and seed of the pre- 

 vious year's raising should always be 

 employed. 



The seeds of the different varieties 

 are easily distinguished by an expe- 

 rienced seedsman. Those of the long 

 white radish are small, flat, and pale ; 

 of the scarlet and purple long-rooted, 

 large ; and of the first very light-co- 

 loured, compared with those of the 

 latter; of the white turnip, small round, 

 and brown ; scarlet turnip, rather larger, 

 and somewhat darker; purple turnip, 

 larger and brown, being similar to the 

 long-rooted purple, except in size. 



Forcing. A moderate hotbed is re- 

 quired for this crop, of a length accord- 

 ing with that of the frame to be em- 

 ployed; the earth about eight inches 

 deep, on the surface of Avhich the seed 

 is to be sown as soon as the violent heat 

 is abated, and an additional fourth-of- 

 an-inch sifted over it. 



The seedlings are in general up in 

 less than a week, and in six they will 

 be ready to draw. Throughout their 

 growth air must be admitted as freely 

 as is allowable. The glasses, however, 

 must be closed on the approach of even- 

 ing, and mats or other covering put on 

 in proportion to the severity of the 

 season. When the earth appears at all 

 dry, a light watering must be given at 

 noon. 



The plants must not stand nearer 

 than two inches to each other. The 

 temperature required is from 50 to 

 70 ; and it must be kept to this heat 

 by moderate linings as required. 



If there be a deficiency of frames, 

 hoops and mats may be employed, a 

 frame of boards being formed round 

 the bed, lig-ht and air being admitted as 



