STO 



C 851 ] 



STO 



yet the stock has the power of in- 

 fluencing its productiveness, as well as 

 the quality of the fruit. Thus, a tree 

 having an expansive foliage, and robust 

 growth, indicative of large sap vessels, 

 and vigorous circulation, should never 

 be grafted upon a stock oppositely 

 characterised, for the supply of sap 

 will not be sufficient. Illustrations are 

 afforded by the codlin never succeeding 

 so well on a crab, nor a bigoreau on a 

 wild cherry, as they do on freer growing 

 stocks. 



The habit of the stock, also, is of 

 much more importance than is usually 

 considered. If it grows more rapidly, 

 or has larger sap vessels than the scion 

 or bud, an enlargement occurs below 

 these ; but if they grow more rapidly 

 than the stock, an enlargement takes 

 place just above the point of union. 

 In either case, the tree is usually ren- 

 dered temporarily more prolific ; but in 

 the case where the stock grows most 

 slowly, the productiveness is often of 

 very short duration, the supply of sap 

 annually becoming less and less suffi- 

 cient to sustain the enlarged production 

 of blossom and leaves. This very 

 frequently occurs to the freer growing 

 cherries, when inserted upon the wild 

 species ; and still more frequently to 

 the peach and apricot upon stocks of 

 the slow growing plums. It is highly 

 important, therefore, to employ stocks, 

 the growth of which is as nearly similar 

 as may be to the parent of the buds or 

 scion. 



The earlier vegetation of the stock 

 than of the bud or graft is also im- 

 portant ; for, if the latter are earliest in 

 deveropment, they are apt to be ex- 

 hausted and die before the flow of sap 

 has enabled granulation and union be- 

 tween the faces of the wounds, at the 

 junction, to occur. 



Stocks for general use may be used 

 for grafting or budding, when from the 

 size of a good goosequill to half- an - 

 inch, or not more than an inch in the 

 part where the graft or bud is to be 

 inserted. Stocks of two or three inches, 

 or more, in diameter, either the stems or 

 branches, are also occasionally grafted 

 or budded with success, but are not 

 proper for general practice. Crab 



Stocks are all such as are raised from 

 seeds, &c., of any wild wngrafted trees, 

 particularly if of the fruit- tree kind, such 

 as the wild crab-apple of the woods and 

 hedges, wild pears, plums, wild cherry, 

 and such other trees as have not been 

 grafted or budded. Free Stocks are 

 such as are raised from the seed, layers, 

 &c., of any of the cultivated varieties of 

 fruit-trees, and others. Paradise or 

 Doucin stocks are raised from layers or 

 suckers, from a dwarf variety of apple, 

 the roots of which are produced nearer 

 to the surface than those from crab 

 stocks. The French Paradise stock is 

 distinguished from all others, by its 

 very dwarf growth, its clear chesnut- 

 coloured shoots, and small fibrous roots, 

 which spread near the surface. The 

 English Paradise may be either referred 

 to as the Doucin of the French or the 

 Dutch Paradise; for in English nur- 

 series, trees propagated on either, are 

 said to be on paradise stocks. Of these 

 two, the Doucin has the darkest shoots. 

 Their effects on the growth of the 

 trees worked upon them are similar, 

 being intermediate between the very 

 dwarf habit induced by the French 

 Paradise, and the luxuriant growth 

 induced by the crab or free stocks. See 

 Grafting and Budding. 



STOS'BE. (From stilbas, a bed of 

 leaves ; those of JEthiopica so used. 

 Nat. ord., Composites [Asteracese]. 

 Linn., IQ-Syngenesia &~8e<jrcyatcK) 



Greenhouse evergreens, from the Cape of 

 Good Hope. Cuttings of young shoots, in sand, 

 under a bell-glass, in May ; fibry sandy loam 

 and peat. Winter temp., 40 to 45. 

 S. JEthio'pica (Ethiopian). 2. August. J759- 

 j cine' rea (grey). 2. August. 1784. 



cricoi'des (Heath-like). 2. August. 1816. 



refle'xa (bent-back). 2. August. 1816. 

 STOKE 'SIA. (Named after Dr. Stokes, 



an English botanist. Nat. ord., Com- 

 posites [Asteracea 1 ]. Linn., IQ-Synge- 

 ncsia l-JEqualis.) 



Half-hardy evergreen. Seeds ; or division of 

 the plant in spring; sandy loam and a little 

 leaf-mould ; requires a little protection in 

 i winter. 



i S. cya'nea (azure). 2. Blue. August. Caro- 

 lina. 1766. 



STONECROP. Se'dnm. 

 STONE PINE. Pi'nns pi'nca. 

 STOPPING, is pinching or nipping off 

 the extremity of a branch, to prevent 



