TEA 



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TEA 



as Cytisits hybridus, are made to blossom 

 earlier, by having their branches bent 

 beloii: the horizontal line. 



The reason of this appears in the 

 fact, that a plant propels its sap with 

 greatest force perpendicularly, so much 

 so that the sap rising in a vine branch 

 growing in a right line from the root, 

 with a force capable of sustaining a 

 column of mercury twenty- eight inches 

 high, will, if the branch be bent down 

 to a right angle, support barely twenty- 

 three inches, and if bent a few degrees 

 below the horizontal, the column 

 sustained will not be more than twenty- 

 * one inches. This 



ft ' '? *^A is tne reason wn y 

 ^^ at such angles 

 gardeners find the 

 trained branches 

 of their wall-trees 

 rendered more 

 productive of blos- 

 soms, and fur- 

 nished with a 

 smaller surface of 

 leaves. A similar 

 effect is produced 

 by training a 

 branch in a wav- 

 ing form, for two- 

 thirds of its length 

 are placed hori- 

 the accompanying 



as in 



zontally, 

 outline. 



Besides the usual modes of training 

 for which see also Espaliers and 

 Standards there are two other modes 

 which deserve notice. 



Qucnouille Training consists in train- 

 ing one upright central shoot in sum- 

 mer, and shortening it down to fifteen 

 inches at the winter pruning, in order 

 that it may, at that height, produce 

 branches forming a tier, to be trained, 

 in the first instance, horizontally. The 

 shoot produced by the uppermost bud 

 is, however, trained as upright as pos- 

 sible during the summer, and is cut 

 back, so as to produce another tier 

 fifteen inches above the first, and so on 

 until the tree has reached the desired | 

 height. In this climate, it is necessary ' 

 to train the shoot downwards, which is 

 easily done by tying those of the first 

 tier to short stakes, those of each suc- 



cessive tier being fastened to the 

 branches below them. When the 

 shoots are thus arched downwards at 

 full length, or nearly so, they soon 

 come into a bearing state ; but in this 

 climate, if cut short, as the French do, 

 they only send up a number of shoots 

 annually. The plan answers very well 

 where it can be at all times properly 

 attended do ; but if this cannot be 

 guaranteed, the ordinary form of dwarf 

 is preferable. Quenouilles require 

 more time to be devoted to them than 

 espaliers. 



Balloon Training is forcing down- 

 wards all the branches of standard 

 trees till the points touch the earth, 

 and they have the merit of producing 

 large crops of fruit in a very small 

 compass ; their upper parts are, how- 

 ever, too much exposed to radiation at 

 night, and the crop from that part of 

 the branches is apt to be cut off. 



TEANSPLANTING is most successfully 

 performed whenever the roots are least 

 required for supplying the leaves with 

 moisture. The reason is obvious, be- 

 cause the roots are always in some 

 degree broken, and lessened in their 

 absorbing power, by the process of re- 

 moval. That such is the rationale of 

 seasonable transplanting is proved by 

 the fact that plants in pots, with reason- 

 able care, may be transplanted at any 

 season. This rule, too, is sanctioned 

 both by theory and practice transplant 

 as early as possible after the leaves 

 cease to require a supply of sap ; the 

 reason for which is, that the vital 

 powers in the roots continue active 

 long after they have become torpid in 

 the branches, and fresh roots are 

 formed during the autumn and winter, 

 to succeed those destroyed by trans- 

 planting. 



For transplanting most deciduous 

 trees and shrubs, October and Novem- 

 ber are the most successful months. 

 In transplanting evergreens, Mr. Beaton 

 says : I do not now concur in the 

 general belief that autumn is the best 

 time to plant all kinds of evergreens 

 indiscriminately. I have planted ever- 

 greens every week in the year, more 

 from necessity than choice it is true, 

 but still the result of the whole, con- 



