TUR 



I 899 



TUS 



TURNIPS. Bra'ssica ra'pa. 



Varieties. For the first sowings : 

 Early white Dutch, early stone. 



For the spring sowings : Common 

 round white, large round white, large 

 green topped, large red topped, yellow 

 Dutch, tankard, French, small round 

 French, Swedish, Moscow, or Narva. 



Sowing may commence at the end of 

 February, a small portion on a warm 

 border, and some in a moderate hotbed 

 of the two first varieties mentioned. 

 These will be fit for use during April. 

 The sowing on a border to be repeated 

 in the beginning of March, and these 

 will produce throughout May. 



These sowings are to be repeated in 

 small proportions, at monthly intervals, 

 until the beginning of July, when the 

 main crop for the supply of the winter 

 may be inserted ; and finally, small 

 crops at the commencement of August 

 and September for spring. 



Mode. Sow broadcast or in drills 

 twelve inches apart, and very thin ; and 

 to enable the seed to be distributed 

 regularly, mix it well with sand before 

 sowing. Each sowing should, if pos- 

 sible, be performed in showery weather; 

 if otherwise, water at the time of in- 

 sertion, and three times a week after- 

 wards. 



Thin the plants when they have four 

 or five leaves about two inches in 

 hreadth, to at least twelve asunder from 

 each other. 



Water must be given frequently and 

 plentifully, as on a regular supply of 

 moisture their goodness, in a great 

 measure, depends. 



In November, or December, before 

 the setting-in of frost, some of the bulbs 

 must be taken up, and, the tops and 

 roots being removed, preserved under 

 shelter in sand. The young tops are 

 much in request during spring; they 

 must be gathered when very young, 

 otherwise they are strong-flavoured and 

 bitterish. 



To obtain Seed, some of the most 

 perfect roots of those which will with- 

 stand the winter may remain where 

 grown; or they may be transplanted 

 in November or February ; of the two 

 earliest varieties, sown on a border early 

 in March, some of the bulbs being 



allowed to remain will produce seed 

 the same autumn. 



Manures. The best manure for tur- 

 nips is stable-dung ; and next in their 

 order, guano, super-phosphate of lime, 

 soot, and salt. 



For the injuries to which the turnip 

 is liable, see Athalia, Ambury, and 

 Black Fly. 



Turnip - cabbage (Bra'ssica na'po- 

 bra'ssica), and turnip-rooted cabbage 

 (B. caulo-ra'pa). See Knohl-kohl. 



TURNIP-FLY. See Black Fly. 



TURNSOLE. Heliotro' pium. 



TURPENTINE. Si'lphium terebin- 

 tha'ceum. 



TURPENTINE MOTH. See To'rtrix 

 resine'lla. 



TURPENTINE TREE, Pista'cia tere- 

 bi'nthits. 



TURRJS'A. (Named after G. Tnrra, 

 professor of botany at Padua. Nat. 

 ord., Meliads [Meliacese], Linn., 16- 

 Monadelphia 6-Decandria. Allied to 

 Melia.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of firm young 

 shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass, in March, 

 in a hot-bed ; fibry sandy loam and vegetable 

 mould. Winter temp., 55 to 60; summer, 

 60 to 85. 



T. heteropliy'lla (various-leaved). 20. White. 

 May. Sierra Leone. 



loba'ta (lobcd-leaved). White. July. Sierra 



Leone. 1843. 



pinna'ta (leafleted). 15. Pale rose. March. 



Silhet. 1828. 



TUSSILA'GO. Coltsfoot. (From tussis, 

 a cough ; used to allay coughs. Nat. 

 ord., Composites [Asteraceee], Linn., 

 IQ-Syngenesia 2-Superflua.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials. Division of 

 the roots, which are mostly inclined to spread 

 freely. The flowers of many of the sorts, espe- 

 cially offragrans, are grateful from their scent, 

 and, if kept in pots, are interesting in a green- 

 house in the early months of the year; they 

 generally do best in a strong loamy soil mode- 

 rately rich. 



T. a'lba (white. Butter Bur}. 1. White. 

 March. Europe. 1683. 



Alpi'na (Alpine). . Lilac, purple. April. 



Austria. 1710. 



dl'scolor (two-coloured). J. Lilac, purple. 



April. Austria. 1633. 



Fa'rfara fo'liis variega'tls (common varie- 



gated-leaved. Farfara). . Yellow. 

 March. Britain. 



fra'grans (sweet- scented). I. White. Fe- 

 bruary. Italy. 1806. 



fri'gida(cold). . Pale. May. Lapland. 1?10 



laviga'ta (smooth). . Yellow. May, Bo*- 



hernia. 1816. 



