240 A COURSE ON ZOOLOGY. 



Bovidae. These are hollow-horned ruminants, the 

 horns being non-deciduous. Of all animal species the 

 bovine is, without doubt, that which renders the great- 

 est service to man. It is used in ploughing and hauling ; 



FIG. 174. 



SHORT-HORN BULL AND cow. 



its milk and flesh furnish food ; its manure is of great 

 value in agriculture. Its skin, its fat, its bones, its ten- 



FIQ. 175. 



HEREFORD BULL AND cow. 



dons, and even its intestines are made use of. The skin 

 of the ox, the cow, and the calf are turned into leather ; 

 the hair is used by upholsterers, saddlers, etc. Buttons 

 and other articles are made from the bones, as are also 

 gelatin and bone-black ; bone-meal is also an excellent 

 fertilizer. Spoons, combs, etc., are made from the horns. 



