CONTENTS. XXlll 



3. Truth and error in both preceding views. The socialist's pro- 



gramme impracticable, human nature stopping the way. 

 Mistake of the sociologist. Human nature modifiable for 

 a time during which important social changes are possible. 

 Examples 273 



4. Co-operative labour. Limits to the application of the principle. 



Why it must fail for a long time to solve the problem of 

 capital and labour ... ... ... ... ... 282 



5. Under one contingency, the normal slow rate of social evolu- 



tion might be greatly accelerated. The aristocracy of 

 thought and letters on the side of labour. Best present ad- 

 vice to the toiling many. The social agitation in all civil- 

 ized states a practical admonition to statesmen and rulers 286 



BOOK III. 



THE FUTURE OF RELIGION AND MORALS. 

 CHAPTER I. 



ON THE MATERIALISM OP ATOMS AND FORCES. 



1. Is science atheistic? Distinction between science and the 

 philosophies professing to be based on science : positivism, 

 materialism, and evolution. Positivism and theism ... 291 



2. Two kinds of materialism, one constructing the universe from 



atoms, and one from force or energy. How far these are 

 severally atheistic. The theory of man's automatism a 

 logical consequence of the reduction of all to physical 

 energy. Refutation. The two species of energy, physical 

 and spiritual. The latter ever on the increase ... ... 293 



3. A third Something behind all phenomena material or mental. 



Admitted by materialists like Haeckel and Huxley. Effect 



of admission on their philosophy ... ... ... 303 



CHAPTER II. 



ON THE EVOLUTION-MATERIALISM AND THEOLOGY. 



1. What is necessary to establish a complete materialism. The 



Design argument and the Darwinian theory ... ... 311 



2. The argument for God's existence as the Author of the moral 



law attacked by evolution. Evolution account of the origin 

 and development of morality and religion. Explanation by 

 the evolutionists of the admitted fact of conscience ... 318 



3. Continuation and conclusion of the evolution-materialist's argu- 



ment. A Creator need not be postulated at the introduc- 

 tion of life, or at the first appearance of consciousness ... 326 



4. Reply to this materialism. How far the controversy with the 



materialist may now be narrowed. Futility of all material- 

 ism to-day ... ... ... ... ... ... 330 



