ON MAN AND HIS DEVELOPMENT. 61 



found within himself the germs of sympathy, as well as 

 the undoubted fact of sociability attracting him to the 

 company of his fellows ; which two factors of sympathy 

 and sociability at length between them begat the moral 

 fact now known as benevolence, something resembling 

 a genuine regard for all the members of the tribe, and 

 a consequent heartier disposition, not only to work more 

 zealously with them for the common good and against 

 the common dangers, but even to voluntarily restrict 

 individual selfishness, and sometimes to surrender cheer- 

 fully some of his own share of satisfactions to the re- 

 quirements of others ; in which last case we have the 

 beginnings of the self-sacrificing virtues. 



Such man was in the past; in such ways and by 

 such means he has been developed ; and such as he was 

 he still essentially is, according to the scientific account 

 of him. He is both less and greater than his theological 

 portrait had represented him : " not so happy, but much 

 happier." Not so happy, because, though the race is to 

 have an immortality and a great to-morrow, the in- 

 dividual will have none ; there being no exceptional 

 felicity reserved for him hereafter, any more than for 

 the lower animals from whom he has been" raised. 

 Much happier, because there is a prosperous and pro- 

 gressive career marked out for the individual as for the 

 species here on the earth ; because his " homely nurse/' 

 the earth, has " filled her lap with pleasures of her own " 

 to give him ; because he may know assuredly that his 

 nature has not degraded from a higher, but developed 

 from a far lower level. He is not essentially vile and 

 fallen, but neither is he, on the other hand, Science 

 assures him lest he should boast a being capable of 

 any continued lofty heroism or transcendent excellence, 

 or on the whole capable of more than very moderate and 



