ON THE EVOLUTION MATERIALISM AND THEOLOGY. 313 



or energy, in Nature, was an inseparable concomitant 

 of matter ; in particular that thought w&s a product of 

 cerebral action, which in its turn was merely energy 

 transformed, in the last resort the energy of heat due 

 to the food consumed. Matter and force are inseparable, 

 and this force, after various transmutations, being stored 

 up in the brain and nerves, found a vent in thought and 

 feeling, as in other organs of the body it animated and 

 performed other functions. There was no entity called 

 the soul anywhere apparent or discoverable by any test ; 

 there was but an elaborate brain organization, whose 

 special function it was to think, as it was the function 

 of the heart to pump up blood, of the eye to see, and 

 even, as affirmed by Vogt, of the liver to secrete bile. 



But all this would not suffice for a complete mate- 

 rialism, even if satisfactorily proved. For there still 

 remained the belief in a Supreme Mind, unshaken by 

 this materialism, even if it be fully granted that what 

 we call our minds are in all respects products of the 

 brain machinery and nervous telegraphy. There was 

 still the belief, deep in men's minds, which Bacon, the 

 initiator of the inductive and positive philosophy, and 

 himself sometimes classed with the materialists, has 

 given expression to in his essay on " Atheism : " "I had 

 rather believe all the fables in the Legend and the 

 Talmud, and the Alcoran, than that this universal frame 

 is without a mind." Moreover, there were proofs seem- 

 ingly cogent and unanswerable adduced in support of 

 the belief. In particular, there was the famous argu- 

 ment from design and Final Causes. But now it appears 

 that Darwin has at last enabled the extreme materialist 

 to attack and carry the design argument, the last and 

 hitherto impregnable fortress behind which Natural 

 Theology had intrenched herself; the argument that 



