106 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



Jan. 15 



was, therefore, 85 years old when he died. 

 He was trained for the ministry, which pro- 

 fession he followed for 42 years in one place. 

 What started him as a master bee-keeper was 

 the possession of a swarm of bees in a hollow 

 log. This also started him as the most bril- 

 liant anatomist and physiologist of the hon- 

 t-y-bee in the 19th century. He elucidated 

 the mysteries of the honey-sac and stomach- 

 mouth, showing how, by a simple valve ar- 

 rangement, the bee was able to use the nec- 

 tar for its own subsistence or to regurgitate 

 it at will. He was the first to show us how 

 chyle food is produced in the chyle-stomach. 

 He also showed that royal jelly is simply an 

 extra-ri(-h variety of chyle food, and this was 

 proved beyond peradventure by Von Planta's 

 brilliant chemical analysis of chyle food and 

 royal jelly. He further proved the food fed 

 to drones is the same as to the larvae. As a 

 matter of fact, nearly all we know along this 

 line we owe to Pastor Schonfeld, backed by 

 the work of Dr. Von Planta on the chemistry 

 of the hive. His work along this line will 

 form a monument to Schonfeld which will 

 last far longer than one of granite. 



England lost an eminent bee-keeper in the 

 person of John Marshall Hooker, who died 

 January 31 at a ripe old age in the city of 

 Philadelphia, where he had gone to live with 

 his son. Dr. S. C. Hooker. Long ago he was 

 associated with Cheshire, Abbott, and Cowan 

 in building up the new bee-keeping in his 

 native country on sound scientific principles. 

 He was probably the first to use perforated 

 zinc, as bee-keepers now know it, and is cred- 

 ited with the invention of "dummies." He 

 invented an elaborate uncappiug-machine at 

 an early date. He was an aggressive and 

 ceaseless advocate of all that makes for bet- 

 ter bee-keeping in England. 



England, unfortunately, lost during the 

 year her patroness of bee-keeping, the Bai*- 

 oness Burdett-Coutts, who did a great deal 

 to promote scientific bee-keeping in that 

 country. For a generation she had steadily 

 interested herself in the populaiization of 

 the new bee-keeping, being the patroness of 

 the British Bee-keepers' Association. She 

 was probably the wealthiest woman in the 

 world, being chief owner of the famous 

 Coutts bank in London. Her aim in assist- 

 ing bee-keeping was to enable worthy people 

 to gain an honest living. Another hobby 

 was the promotion of goat-keeping among 

 the poorer classes. She was born in 1814, 

 April 21, and died December 30, being 92 

 years of age. She married a man much 

 younger than herself, but retained her maid- 

 en name. 



Luckily death has dealt rather leniently 

 with the United States, and we have no long 

 list to report. Mr. J. M. Hambaugh, whose 

 name will be familiar to many readers of 

 Gleanings, died in the early part of the year 

 at Twin Valley, Cal. Most of our readers 

 will remember him as the inventor of the 

 foundation-roller, and also the foundation- 

 fastener, which go by his name. At one 

 time he was quite prominent in bee circles, 

 being a director in the National Bee-keepers' 



Association, and member of the Illinois leg- 

 islature, where he introduced the foul-brood 

 bill, and also the pure-food bill — two very 

 worthy measures. He was a user of the Da- 

 dant liive. He removed from Illinois a few 

 years ago to California for the benefit of his 

 health. He was 60 years of age when he died. 



Another prominent bee-keeper ci'ossed the 

 Jordan in the person of Mr. J. C. Acklin, of 

 St. Paul, Minn., who died from a stroke of 

 apoplexy on May 26. He was a quiet, unob- 

 trusive sort of man who did a good deal to 

 promote modern bee-keeping in the section 

 of country of which St. Paul is the center. 



On the 27th of January Mr. Ira Barber died 

 at his home, Eddy, N. Y. He was celebrated 

 for his success in wintering bees at a high 

 temperature, and in this connection will be 

 well remembered by the older members of 

 Gleanings. 



The old Bay State lost a valuable son in 

 the person of James F. Wood, lecturer and 

 demonstrator in apiculture at the Massachu- 

 setts Agricultural College at Amherst. He 

 was a comparatively young man, and was 

 born Jan. 11, 1862; but in a quiet manner, in 

 connection with his college work, he did good 

 work for several years in training young 

 farmers in the art of bee-keeping. 



Early in the year, there died at Flushing, 

 New York, Samuel Parsons, a celebrated 

 landscape architect and gardener who did a 

 great service to American bee-keeping by 

 personally bringing to this country the first 

 consignment of Italian bees, which he turned 

 over to his friend the late Rev. L. L. Lang- 

 stroth, who, in turn, carried them to the api- 

 ary of W. W. Cary & Sons. Colerain, Mass., 

 where they were propagated for sale and 

 distributed over this country. Mr. Parsons 

 had a long and useful career as a landscapist, 

 nurseryman, and introducer of new plants. 

 He was one of the solid citizens of Flushing, 

 and owner of the oldest American nursery. 



THE STATE OF THE MARKET. 



The Result of the Comb-lioney Canards. 



BY CHARLES BENDER. 



There is so much being said about the 

 "comb-honey lies" that I feel inclined to put 

 in another word, though it may be only mak- 

 ing a bad matter woi'se. I wish that t could 

 always be candid enough to see things as 

 they are, even when things are disagreeable 

 and admit of no remedy. When I do get an 

 idea that others seem to have missed, I al- 

 ways feel rather chesty, and want to explain. 

 In the next issue of the paper some one will 

 say that my notions are all foolishness, and 

 then I feel better. 



The whole scope of country east of the 

 Mississippi River, at least that part of it 

 north of Mason and Dixon's line, has always 

 been used to rather strong-fiavored honey 

 until within the last few years. When so 

 much honey began to be shipped in from the 

 West, people who bought it had a faint sus- 



