166 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



Feb. 1 



that I saw there was his method of produc- 

 ing wax sheets for the ordinary foundation. 

 These are made on a huge revolving hollow 

 cylinder. This cylinder, I should say, was 

 as much as six feet in diameter, and fully as 

 long. In revolving, the lower portion of the 

 cylinder dips in the hot wax, and the number 

 of revolutions required to fashion sheets of 

 the required depth is easily determined by 

 taking off a shaving of these wax sheets. It 

 is easy to remove these great wax sheets 

 from the cylinder, after which they are cut 

 to any desired form and size. Then, by pass- 

 ing between rollers something like the rollers 

 of a ringer, these sheets are thinned to any 

 required weight. 



INVENTIONS. 



It will be remembered that Mr. Schultz 

 was the first to invent and manufacture 

 the "Good candy." I found he had also in- 

 vented many other very interesting pieces 

 of apparatus. But, strange to say, ke uses 

 hives that open only at the end. The frames 

 are much like our own, but, of course, are 

 removed with no slight difficulty. Mr. S. 

 makes a large number of these hives for sale. 

 .e> 



SETTING TREES FOR HONEY. 



In the great city of Berlin, as also in most 

 of the rural villages of that country, one of 

 the most charming features of the landscape 

 is the uniform planting of trees along the 

 streets and highways. Only one kind of 

 ti'ee is planted on any particular street in 

 the city of Berlin. One has only to see these 

 magnihcent avenues of trees to become 

 quickly converted to this style of planting. 

 The effect is certainly very charming. There 

 is one thing that surprised me very much as 

 T toured about the streets of the capital city 

 of Germany. Thei'e is never a tree missing, 

 and all trees are uniform in size. It is nut 

 to be believed that no trees have ever died, 

 and, of course, dead trees must have been re- 

 placed by living ones. How, then, could 

 there be such" uniformity of size? I think I 

 have the solution. One day I saw some for- 

 esters setting a tree in Berlin which I think 

 must have been twenty feet high and of cor- 

 responding size. Of course, this was no 

 light task, but it was done so carefully that 

 I have no doubt of the success of the under- 

 taking. Yet we must remember that labor 

 is painfully cheap in this great metropolis. 

 Laborers there receive only from one-half to 

 one- third as much as is paid in this country, 

 even where wages are lowest. 



One of the things that pleased me much 

 was to note how many ti-ees in the streets 

 and along the roadsides were useful for 

 other purposes than ornament. The linden 

 is a very common tree in Germany, and, like 

 the American linden, the European linden 

 ranks high as a honey-producing tree. The 

 honey-locust is also another very common 

 tree. This often produces large quantities 

 of nectar. There were other trees of like 

 character. I think we can not urge too fre- 

 quently the desirability of this practice. The 

 linden and the tulip in the northern part of 

 our country; the sour wood in the South, and 



the eucalyptus in California and other arid 

 regions of the West, may well come to the 

 front in all our tree-planting. These trees 

 are not second in beauty, and are also famed 

 as honey-producers. 



PHACELIA. 



In the region about Mr. Schultz' apiary 

 the landscaping is certainly most attractive. 

 Great avenues of honey-locust were to be 

 seen along the streets as one walked from 

 the depot to the apiary, perhaps a distance 

 of half a mile. I asked Mr. Schultz to what 

 plant he gave preference as a honey-produc- 

 er in his vicinity. He replied, "I think the 

 phacelia is one of the very best." I was 

 glad to hear this praise of one of our most 

 common tlowers of Southern California. 

 This plant is known to science as Phacelia 

 tanacttifolia. There are two families of 

 plants represented in California by numer- 

 ous species which are peculiar in their meth- 

 od of blooming. This is said to be scorpioid 

 inflorescence. The spikes of flowers coil so 

 that they resemble exceedingly a worm or 

 caterpillar. This similarity is sometimes so 

 striking as to be almost startling. One of the 

 families is Boraginacece. to which belongs the 

 common borage, also famous as a honey- 

 plant, and the other a closely allied family, 

 Hydrophyllaceoi, which contains the phacelia. 

 We have numerous species of these phacelia 

 here at Claremont, most of which are very 

 attractive, and to me peculiarly so, as they 

 are all scorpioid. This Phacelia tanacetifo- 

 lia was introdu(^ed from America into Ger- 

 many, and has become veiy much prized for 

 its nectar secretion. 





EUROPEAN VS. AMERICAN FOUL 

 BROOD. 



The Cure Given in the Nov. 1st, 1905, Is- 

 sue Never Intended for American Foul 

 Brood; the Bees Not Able to Remove 

 Larvse, Diseased with American Fonl 

 Brood, from the Cells; the two Diseases 

 Compared. 



BY E. W. ALEXANDER. 



[The reader should note that the new names lor 

 the brood diseases are used in this article. That is, 

 the old foul brood is now called American foul brood; 

 and "black brood," European foul brood.— 'Ea.'\ 



I do wish I could impress on the minds of 

 all bee-keepers that 1 have never recom- 

 mended any cure for American foul bi'ood, 

 and I wish to have it understood that I don't 

 think that, up to the present time, there has 

 ever been a comb that was affected by Amer- 



